Zur Wirtsspezifit�t von Babesia divergens (Piroplasmidea)

Babesia divergens , a Bovine Blood Parasite of Veterinary and Zoonotic Importance

“…Subsequently the host range was extended experimentally by transmitting the parasite by needle injection from infected cattle to splenectomized mouflon, red, roe, and fallow deer (49) and intact reindeer (134). With the exception of the reindeer, which showed clinical signs, these animals suffered only very mild infections with low parasitemias, but their blood proved infectious to susceptible cattle.…”

“…With the exception of the reindeer, which showed clinical signs, these animals suffered only very mild infections with low parasitemias, but their blood proved infectious to susceptible cattle. Although Enigk and Friedhoff reported that splenectomized goats and sheep were fully resistant to B. divergens (49), Chauvin et al have since succeeded in producing very low transient parasitemias in splenectomized sheep (29).…”

“…While ticks are undoubtedly the most important nonbovine reservoir (82), nonsplenectomized cervids (with the exception of reindeer [134]), caprids, bovids (29,49), and rodents (1,25,56,97) appear to be resistant to B. divergens and are unlikely to represent significant reservoirs, the parasite is also maintained in the environment by cattle which have recovered from previous infections or carry mild subclinical infections. These parasitemias, which may persist for several years following the initial infection (37,101) and often go unnoticed, may serve as a source of parasites for the infection of new ticks (42,102).…”

Babesiosis of wild carnivores and ungulates

“…Examples of these are Babesia trautmanni from the domestic pig and the wild boar, but also from African bushpig Potamochoerus porcus and warthog Phacochoerus aethiopicus, and Babesia caballi and Babesia equi from various zebra species. Neitz (1931) Equus grevyi Dennig (1966) Equus zebra Young et al (1973) Cattle B. bigemina Syncerus caffer Karbe et al (1979) Bison bison Zaugg and Kuttler (1987) Mazama americana Clark and Zetek (1925) Odocoileus virginianus Clark and Zetek (1925) Gazella soemmeringi Friedhoff, 1963a andFriedhoff, 1963b Hippotragus niger (?) Hove et al (1998) B. bovis Capreolus capreolus Levine (1988) Cervus elaphus Levine (1988) Odocoileus virginanus Brumpt (1920) Bison bison Salabarria et al (1981) B. divergens Ovis musimon Levine (1988) Cervus elaphus Levine (1988) Dama dama Levine (1988) Capreolus capreolus Levine (1988) Rangifer tarandus Nilsson et al (1965) Ovis musimon Ferrer et al, 1998a andFerrer et al, 1998b Dog B. canis Canis latrans Ewing et al (1964) Canis mesomelas Neitz and Steyn (1947) Cyon dukhunensis Leger and Bédier (1922) Nyctereutes procyonides Levine (1988) Lycaon pictus Neitz (1965) Vulpes vulpes Schoop and Dedié (1938) B. gibsoni Canis aureus Patton (1910) Canis latrans Evers et al (2003) Fennecus zerda Maronpot and Guindy (1970) Vulpes vulpes Maronpot and Guindy (1970) Cat B. felis Felis concolor Carpano (1934) Pig B. trautmanni Potamochoerus porcus Shone and Philip (1960) Phacochoerus aethiopicus Stewart et al (1992) B. perroncitoi Sus cristatus …”

“…Neither eland appeared to harbour B. bigemina 28 days after injection, even though one was splenectomized. B. bigemina could be established in a Soemmering's gazelle (Gazella soemmeringi) only after the recipient had been splenectomized (Enigk and Friedhoff, 1963a).…”