Zur Theorie der Desinfection

Spiro, K.; Bruns, Hayo

doi:10.1007/bf01930240

Cited by 19 publications

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“…The problem is, of course, complicated by still other chemical interactions which are more obscure. For example, Scheurlen, (1895), Beckmann (1896), Romer (1898), and Spiro and Bruns (1898) have shown that in the case of phenol and certain other organic disinfectants the addition of sodium chloride greatly increases toxic action. Still another factor which affects disinfectant power has been brought out in recent years by Nageli (1893), and other observers-the presence of suspended solid particles of neutral character.…”

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The Toxic Effect of Certain Acids Upon Typhoid and Colon bacilli in Relation to the Degree of Their Dissociation

Winslow¹,

Lochridge²

1906

Journal of Infectious Diseases

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THE researches of the physical chemists, under the leadership of Arrhenius and Nernst, have shown that certain substances in aqueous solution become dissociated or broken up into electrically charged part-molecules (atoms or groups of atoms), which are called ions. The extent to which this occurs varies with different substances and is greatest in the most dilute solutions. With strong acids and bases, and their salts, it is practically complete at a strength of 0.001 normal. With such solutions it is evident that any effect, chemical or physiological, which they exert, must be due to the dissociated ions. The properties of a dilute solution of sodium chloride are the properties of sodium and chlorine ions, and the properties of hydrochloric acid, of hydrogen and chlorine ions. By the comparison of a. series of properly selected compounds it is easy to determine the specific influence of each ion. The study of the toxic action of various substances in the light of these facts promises to be of great assistance in the development of a rational theory of disinfection. The first definite statement of the relation between dissociation and disinfectant power with which we are familiar was made by Dreser. This author (Dreser, 1893), in a study of the pharmacological value of various salts of mercury, found that the double hyposulphite of mercury and potassium was much less poisonous than other compounds containing the same amount of mercury, and explained the phenomenon by the fact that this salt on dissociation does not set free mercury ions, but breaks up into potassium at the cathode and Hg S40 6 at the anode: His experiments were made on yeast cells, frogs, and fishes. In the former case he found it possible to prevent all development in a yeast culture by mercury salts, and *

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