Zur Kenntniss der brenzcätechinähnlichen Substanz der Nebennieren. III. Mittheilung.

Behaviorally Conditioned Immune Responses: “To Learn New Things, Read Old Books & Papers”

“…The finding that adrenal gland extracts significantly raised blood pressure sparked widespread interest in the medical community. von Fürth [2] was the pioneer in extracting the active component from animal glands, naming this semi-purified substance “Suprarenin.” Adrenaline, the first hormone to be extracted from tissue, was soon chemically characterized and mass-produced [8, 9]. Three years afterward, Takamine and Aldrich independently succeeded in obtaining this component in a crystallized form.…”

“…This early research investigating inter-system communications was in particular addressed by two independent research areas. One related to the discovery of adrenaline by von Fürth [2], the other by the observation of Russian physiologist Ivan Petrovich Pavlov and coworkers, demonstrating that autonomous physiological responses can be behaviorally conditioned [3]. Both researchers provided compelling evidence that the brain and the immune system are intimately connected, sharing a common chemical language and are continuously exchanging information [4,5].…”

Epinephrine Administered in Anaphylaxis: The Evolution of 0.3 mg Dosage

“…Abel attempted to expand further upon Oliver and Schäfer's work in 1899 when he published a paper claiming that he had extracted and isolated the active principle of the adrenal medulla. 10 He opted to name what he thought to be the active ingredient “epinephrin.” 10 The product's purity was challenged by Otto von Fürth, a German scientist who named the substance of his extraction “suprarenin,” and Jokichi Takamine, a Japanese scientist who named his extract “adrenalin.” 11 , 12 Jokichi Takamine alleged and correctly found that the product isolated by John Abel was not the active ingredient and was an inactive benzoylated derivative of epinephrine. 13 Jokichi Takamine also developed a simple extraction method of adrenalin, which would be used by T. B. Aldrich, to determine the final formula of epinephrine (C 10 H 10 NO 3 ) using combustion analysis.…”

"Where name and image meet"---the argument for "adrenaline"

“…By 1908 it was noted in The Practitioner that “the active principle from the medulla of the suprarenal capsule is now generally known as adrenalin , though other terms have been applied, such as suprarenin, epinephrin.”27 The name suprarenin was coined by Otto von Fürth of Strasbourg, who made a crude extract similar to that of Abel at about the same time 28. Fränkel had called another extract sphygmogenin,29 and Schäfer had suggested the name adrenin 30.…”