“…0.5 V less negative potential than the first reduction of the related monocarbene complex 1, see Figure 10. From a quantum chemistry point of view, the LUMO energy of (7), (10) and (11) is much lower than that of complex (1), making the reduction of (7), (10) and (11) easier than that of (1). The added electron during the reduction of (10) and (11) can be distributed over two thienyl units, making the reduced complex relative more stable to such an extent that a re-oxidation peak of the reduction process is observed, with E 0.115 V in CH 3 CN, making the reduction process 15 For the dimeric complex (7) with a direct thienyl ring as linker, two reduction peaks, associated with the reduction of the two carbene carbons, are observed, while dimeric complexes (11) and (12) 16 with two thienyl rings as linker, produce only one reduction peak; proposed to be the simultaneous reduction of the two carbene carbons.…”