Zur Frage der biologischen Wirksamkeit des Schizophrenenliquors

Gamper, Ed.; Kral, Adalbert

doi:10.1007/bf02870692

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Gamper et al (63) reported that the injection of schizophrenic cerebrospinal fluid into the anterior chamber of the rabbit's eye caused marked inflammatory changes not seen with normal cerebrospinal fluid. In subsequent papers, Gamper and Krai (61,62) further showed increased toxicity of schizophrenic cerebrospinal fluid for mice. The injected animals exhibited macro-and microscopic changes in various tissues including the brain.…”

Section: Abnormal Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and Physiological Changes Associated with Schizophrenia.

Domino¹

1959

Psychopharmacology: Problems in Evaluation.

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As our knowledge and clinical experience with phrenotropic drugs increases it is evident that agents such as reserpine, chlorpromazine, promazine, proclorperazine, perphenazine, and others make the disturbed psychotic more manageable but still leave him psychotic (48,130). The incidence of remissions following drug therapy appears no better than that following the myriad of more drastice somatic shock therapies. These results are not necessarily disappointing, for the widespread use of phrenotropic drugs as therapeutic adjuncts in psychiatry has strengthened the view that functions of the mind are the end result of an actively metabolizing brain. By giving fresh impetus to the search for possible physiochemical abnormalities in mental disease, the present nonspecific symptomatic drug therapies have already accomplished a great deal.Since the design of more specific drug treatments is dependent upon discrete knowledge of possible biochemical and physiological aberrations associated with mental disease, it is pertinent to the objectives of this conference to review critically the available evidence for such alterations. Both primary and secondary biochemical and physiological changes are of interest. Obviously it may be extremely difficult to distinguish between cause and effect. If one assumes that most mental disease has purely psychic etiological factors, it still follows that they will probably produce secondary physiological abnormalities; the psychosomatic literature provides many examples (40). The reverse is equally true; somatopsychic phenomena are well known. Physiological and biochemical alterations profoundly influence mental functions, as evidenced by the effects of hypoxia, hypoglycemia, and hypercapnia, and by such drugs as the hallucinogens LSD-25 and mescaline. Drug therapy, if rational, need not affect only primary physiochemical alterations, but may give symptomatic relief by modifying secondary disturbances. For example, an agent like amphetamine does not correct the primary psychopathology involving neurotic obesity but does curb the secondary increase in appetite.All physiological and biochemical changes in psychoses, if real, are of interest to the pharmacologist, for drugs might be designed that can affect either primary or secondary metabolic or physiologic disturbances. Presumably our present tranquilizers act to reduce secondary physiologic disturbances in the overreactive, vociferous, and hallucinating patient but do not affect his primary psychopathology.In 1895, Maudsley (132) wrote on insanity with excitement that: "The many diligent and elaborate chemical analyses of the urine which have been made by different inquirers in different countries, notwithstanding that the tabular exposition of them might fill a large volume, have failed to yield definite and constant results or to warrant any positive inference." This statement is equally true today for all types of insanity, but perhaps it should be qualified. Thus, in 1957, we can paraphrase Maudsley's remarks of 62 years ago and say t...

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Section: Abnormal Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and Physiological Changes Associated with Schizophrenia.

Domino¹

1959

Psychopharmacology: Problems in Evaluation.

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“…Snesarev (80) in 1934 concluded that toxic substances "were almost certainly present in schizophrenia," but his cautious and commendable "almost" undermines the sense of conviction. In 1935, Gamper and Krai (22) injected cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenic patients into white mice and found that it seemed more toxic than that of normals "but not significantly so. "…”

Section: The Development Of Concepts Of Psychosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Concepts of Psychosis: Historical Contributions.

Osmond¹

1958

Chemical Concepts of Psychosis: Proceedings of the Symposium on Chemical Concepts of Psychosis Held at the Second International

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Floating on a raft of the present, we glide or are buffeted downstream in our segment of time. Childlike, most of us dabble our hands over the side and splash idly, preoccupied only with the immediate glitter and swirl of the water. Yet we can stand up, if we will, and look backward through the mist toward the bend or headland from whence we came, or, with more difficulty, peer into the shrouded future. History consists of those peerings and glances backward and forward.It is salutary, when one is furthering a favorite notion, to look back a few decades, a few centuries, even a couple of thousand years. As the distance increases one sees through the murk only blurred shadows of those who have engaged in the controversy. And one realizes that in a few more decades, centuries and another couple of thousand years, that is how we shall seem, and our bravest arguments will be cold ashes. Yet sometimes, as the disputed details are erased, the outline becomes sharper and is silhouetted in the distance. So it may be with the chemical theories about mental illness, of which schizophrenia is a particular example.Hippocrates of Cos (90) 1 was one of the first to suggest an endotoxic or at least a biological humoral factor in mental illness. He preferred, with Greek reasonableness, a hypothetical physical factor 1 Parenthetical numbers refer to identically numbered works in the list of references appearing at the end of each paper.

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Behavioral and EEG Changes Induced by Injection of Schizophrenic Urine Extract

Wada¹,

Gibson²

1959

Arch NeurPsych

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Zur Frage der biologischen Wirksamkeit des Schizophrenenliquors

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Biochemical and Physiological Changes Associated with Schizophrenia.

Biochemical and Physiological Changes Associated with Schizophrenia.

Chemical Concepts of Psychosis: Historical Contributions.

Behavioral and EEG Changes Induced by Injection of Schizophrenic Urine Extract

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