Zur Bildung der Betaine und der Alkaloide in der Pflanze

Klein, Gustav; Linser, H.

doi:10.1007/bf01910642

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…(20,21). Klein and Linser (22) found that in cut tobacco plants in proline-containing nutrient media the nicotine content increased in leaves and decreased in stems in some instances; whereas in others the media increased the nicotine content of both stenis and leaves. The mechanism of these functions is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of Proline-C14 into the Principal Alkaloids of Datura stramonium var. tatula and Datura innoxia

Sullivan

Gibson

1964

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of Proline-C14 into the Principal Alkaloids of Datura stramonium var. tatula and Datura innoxia

Sullivan

Gibson

1964

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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“…It was shown by isolation and melting point determinations of the pierates of the volatile alkaloid complex of the various samples showing a significant increase in nicotine content that the analytical differences were probably due to increases in nicotine itself rather than to decomposition products of the substances supplied to the leaves. 6. Sodium magnesium chlorophyllin, glycine, d-arginine monohydrochloride, d-glucose, citric acid, and d i-a-amino-n-valeric acid gave no indications of possessing an influence upon the nicotine content of tobacco leaves.…”

Section: The Influence Of Nicotinic Acid Upon the Nicotine Content Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Certain Amino Acids and of Nicotinic Acid Upon the Nicotine Content of Tobacco Leaves

Dawson¹

1939

Plant Physiol.

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IntroductionThe tobacco alkaloid nicotine possesses a molecular structure by which it may be related empirically to the amino acid proline. Proline is a-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid. Nicotine may be considered as an N-methylated proline containing a 3-pyridine rino attached to the alpha position in place of the carboxyl. These similarities have been pointed out by TOTTINGHAM (9) and have been employed by TRIER (12) as a basis for extensive speculations on the probable origin of nicotine in the tobacco plant. According to TRIER, nicotine may be formed in vivo from proline and nicotinic acid by a simultaneous oxidative decarboxylation of the two molecules. The methylation of the pyrrolidine nitrogen was accounted for by the action of methyl alcohol as a dismutation product of formaldehyde. TRIER postulated the formation of the pyridine portion of the nicotine molecule from proline through the intervention of formic acid as the second dismutation product of formaldehyde. In short, the hypothesis of TRIER assigned to proline the role of precursor of both the five-and the six-membered rings of the nicotine molecule. It should be noted, however, that TRIER'S theory was advanced at a time when nicotinic acid was practically unknown in the literature of plant chemistry. KLEIN and LINSER (7) tested TRIER's hvpothesis by culturing the excised leafy shoots of tobacco plants in dilute aqueous solutions of proline. These investigators obtained large increases in the nicotine content of the leaves and stems of the plants to which proline had been supplied. The hydrochlorides of glutamic acid and of ornithine were found to possess similar effects. GORTER (5) critically reviewed the work of KLEIN and LINSER and presented data of his own to show that both those plants provided with proline and those cultured in KNOP'S solution after a period of 4 or 5 days contained less nicotine than at the beginning of the experiment. The increase

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“…After the period of nitrogen depletion in minus-nitrogen solutions, 15 plants were harvested as a control, 60 meq./l. of (NH4)2SO4 were added to the remaining solutions, and after 7 days, 15 plants were harvested. In this experiment the pH of the culture solution during the period of ammonium absorption had to be frequently adjusted with 1 N NaOH to maintain the pH at approximately 6.0.…”

Section: (With Four Figures)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alkaloid nitrogen was estimated on the hydrolysate of experiment 2 by the colorimetiqic determination of bismuth precipitated by the combination of alkaloids and betaines with KBiJ4 according to the procedure of KLEIN and LINSER (15). Using their atomic ratio Bi: N equals 1: 2 for the precipitate as determined for stachydrine and trigonelline, this form of nitrogen was found to amount to about 10 mg./kg., an insignificant proportion of the soluble nitrogen, and showed little variation under the conditions of ammonium nutrition.…”

Section: Changes In Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NITROGEN METABOLISM OF CORN (ZEA MAYS) AS INFLUENCED BY AMMONIUM NUTRITION

1946

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In a previous publication (45) data were presented to show that large amounts of glutamine, asparagine, amino acids, and other forms of soluble nitrogen, accumulated in the sap of the tops of corn seedlings in response to the absorption of large amounts of ammonium nitrogen from culture solutions. Ammonia did not accumulate in the sap and visible injury did not result until the soluble forms of organic nitrogen had reached relatively high levels. The pH of the sap, the total and reducing sugars, and the "true protein" nitrogen remained relatively stable during the period of ammonium absorption. It is the purpose of this paper to present data for the roots and tops in greater detail showing the probable site of the metabolism of the absorbed ammonium and further information on the nature of the soluble nitrogen compounds synthesized.No attempt will be made to review the extensive literature on the nitrogen metabolism of plants since several excellent reviews are available (2, 20, 46), but attention will be confined to that dealing with the nitrogen nutrition of corn insofar as it is related to this investigation. In spite of the great economic importance of corn surprisingly little has been reported concerning its nitrogen metabolism. As early as 1868 BOUSSINGAULT (cited by CHIB-NALL (2)) reported that asparagine was formed in corn germinated in the dark. More modern reports are those of PRIANISCHNIKOW (26) who showed the necessity of carbohydrates for the formation of asparagine in corn and JODIDI (13) who crystallized asparagine from etiolated corn seedlings. KLEIN and TAUBOCK (16) demonstrated that corn in sterile culture solutions would absorb arginine and would decompose it completely within the plant without urea being one of the products that accumulated. Alkaloids are rarely found in the monocotyledons. Hydrocyanic acid and eyanogenic glycosides rarely occur in corn and when present occur only in traces according to a review of the literature by VAN (19) found that corn supplied with ammonium salts grew well if the culture solution pH was maintained between 3.5 to 7.0, but that above this range the internal reaction became alkaline, excessive quantities of ammonia were absorbed, and growth was depressed.

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Zur Bildung der Betaine und der Alkaloide in der Pflanze

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

Incorporation of Proline-C14 into the Principal Alkaloids of Datura stramonium var. tatula and Datura innoxia

Incorporation of Proline-C14 into the Principal Alkaloids of Datura stramonium var. tatula and Datura innoxia

Influence of Certain Amino Acids and of Nicotinic Acid Upon the Nicotine Content of Tobacco Leaves

NITROGEN METABOLISM OF CORN (ZEA MAYS) AS INFLUENCED BY AMMONIUM NUTRITION

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