Zum Studium der Speichelsekretion

Abstract

Zum Studinm der Speichelsekretion der Wiederk~uer w~hlten wir als Versuchstier das Schaf. Dieses Tier ist bisher in dieser Richtung nur sehr selten verwendet~ wordenl). So haben Tiedem~nn und G m eli n 2) den Gesamtspeichel des SchMes gewonnen und untersucht, und yon Lass~igne a) liegt eine Analyse des P~rotidenspeichels vor. E ckhard 4) studierte beim Schaf die ununterbrochene Sekretion der Parotiden, legte dabei aber das Schwergewich~ au/ die ~ul]erst interessante Innervationsfrage, an deren Diskussion weiterhin sich noch v. Wi~tieh, Schwann u.A. mit Experimentaluntersuchungen beteiligten. Von Colin 5) liegen einige Beobachtungen fiber die ~r bul~rsekretion des Schafes vor. Wir kSnnen infolgedessen nur diejenigen Tatsaehen als wahrscheinlich gfiltig fiir das Schaf in Anspruch nehmen, die beim Rind, einem anderen Wiederk~uer, ermittelt worden sind. Darfiber liegen zahlreichere Beobachtungen, besonders yon Colin und Ellenberger 6) vor.

Studies on ruminant saliva. 1. The composition and output of sheep's saliva

“…In two animals the experiments were stopped on the 1st and 2nd days after cannulation respectively as the secretion had dried up and become almost negligible. At the end of the experiment one sheep had an infection of the duct but not the reduction in size and structural alteration in the gland reported by Scheunert & Trautmann (1921) to occur some time after establishment of a parotid fistula. In two other animals examined there was no apparent reason for the stoppage ofsecretion; in fact, the gland subsequently healed up and was observed to function normally again.…”

Saliva Secretion and Its Functions in Ruminants

“…I n addition to the parotids, the sublingual glands also secrete continuously (Collin, 1886) but the submaxillaries function only during feeding. The latter results were obtained by Scheunert and Trautmann (1921) working with sheep.…”

“…The report by early workers (Collin, 1886;Eckhard, 1893 ;Ellenberger and Hofmeister, 1887 ;Scheunert and Trautmann, 1921 ;Babichev et nl., 1930) that secretion from the parotid glands in ruminants is continuous has found confirmation in more recent studies (see Mc-Dougall, 1948;Coates et al, 1956;and Somers, 1955).…”

“…It is probable that this was partly due to the technical difficulties inherent in the methods used for the quantitative collection of saliva samples. I n fact, the surgical and technical difficulties experienced by Scheunert and Trautmann (1921) in their efforts to establish and maintain permanent unilateral parotid fistulae in sheep led them to the conclusion that long term secretion from the parotids could not be studied successfully. The loss of secretion from even one parotid caused nutritional failure and death.…”

Factors Influencing the Secretion of Nitrogen in Sheep Saliva

“…Inspection of the results of Scheunert and Trautmann (1921) shows that there is essentially no change in the percentage of nitrogen in the parotid saliva secreted by sheep during rest, rumination and feeding. However, observations by the author (unpublished data) indicate that there is usually a rise in the concentration of salivary total nitrogen and urea nitrogen associated \vith the increased rate of secretion diun'ng rumination.…”