Zoysiagrass (<i>Zoysia</i>spp.) History, Utilization, and Improvement in the United States: A Review

Patton, Aaron J.; Schwartz, Brian M.; Kenworthy, Kevin E.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2017.02.0074

Cited by 72 publications

(101 citation statements)

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“…These intraspecies differences highlight the impact of the high genetic diversity within Zoysia spp. that might be responsible for differences in herbicide sensitivity across zoysiagrass cultivars (Lewis et al, 2010; Patton et al, 2017a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zoysiagrass exhibits more shade and winterkill tolerance than bermudagrass ( Cynodon spp. ), fewer disease and insect problems than St. Augustinegrass [ Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze], and moderate salinity tolerance and wear tolerance compared with other warm‐season grasses (Patton, 2010; Patton et al, 2017a). The most troublesome weeds in zoysiagrass turf are frequently other warm‐season grasses with a similar growth habit and growing season.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Application Timing Affects Tolerance of Zoysiagrass to Fluazifop‐P‐butyl and Safening Effect of Triclopyr

et al. 2019

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1789 RESEARCH Z oysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) is a warm-season turfgrass widely adopted in the transitional zone and southeastern regions of the United States due to good turf quality and low nutrient input requirements. Zoysiagrass exhibits more shade and winterkill tolerance than bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.), fewer disease and insect problems than St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze], and moderate salinity tolerance and wear tolerance compared with other warm-season grasses (Patton, 2010;Patton et al., 2017a). The most troublesome weeds in zoysiagrass turf are frequently other warm-season grasses with a similar growth habit and growing season. For example, bermudagrass is often one of the most problematic weeds to control, especially for golf courses during the process of transitioning from bermudagrass to zoysiagrass fairways ( Johnson, 1992). Use of nonselective herbicides for long-term bermudagrass control is usually not practical and can be costly, since bermudagrass will eventually regrow from rhizomes and compete with the zoysiagrass ( Johnson and Carrow, 1995). The aryloxyphenoxyproponiate (AOPP) herbicide fluazifop-P-butyl is labeled for bermudagrass suppression in zoysiagrass; however, previous studies reported significant injury to zoysiagrass despite nearly 100% control of bermudagrass ( Johnson, 1987). Finding ways to increase the rate of AOPP ABSTRACT Aryloxyphenoxypropionate (AOPP) herbicides, such as fluazifop-P-butyl, can be used for postemergence control of grassy weeds in zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.), although the turf might suffer transient injury. This injury can be reduced by tank mixing fluazifop-P-butyl with triclopyr, an herbicide that behaves as a safener for AOPP herbicides. To characterize seasonal variation in zoysiagrass injury caused by fluazifop-P-butyl and triclopyr applications, we conducted a 2-yr study on three Zoysia spp. cultivars ('Empire', 'Geo', and 'Zeon') at Jay, FL, from August 2015 to April 2017, evaluating how injury and turf quality were affected after spring, summer, and fall applications. The level of injury and changes in turf quality were influenced by fluazifop-Pbutyl application timing, but the most sensitive season varied with the cultivar. The seasons with the greatest injury were also the ones in which the safening activity of triclopyr was most effective. In addition, when triclopyr was applied with fluazifop-P-butyl, the quality of all evaluated cultivars recovered to the level of nontreated controls by 2 wk after treatment. Nonstructural carbohydrate content was not affected by herbicide applications, but there were major differences in glucose and starch content between above-and belowground tissue depending on cultivar and season. Overall, our study confirmed that tank mixing triclopyr can reduce fluazifop-P-butyl phytotoxicity in zoysiagrass, and in the case of relatively tolerant cultivars, it might allow the use of rates higher than the current labeled rate with little negative impact on turf quality while providing better control of ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Application Timing Affects Tolerance of Zoysiagrass to Fluazifop‐P‐butyl and Safening Effect of Triclopyr

et al. 2019

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“…McCauley et al (2019) reported that hybrid bermudagrass could completely recover in 42 d when fraise-mown in mid-May and 28 d when fraise-mown in mid-June in North Carolina, which is quicker than this report of zoysiagrass recovery from fraise mowing on June 6th in Tennessee. Zoysiagrass is known to both establish more slowly than other species and to recover slowly from injury (Patton et al 2017). Particularly, the cultivar 'Meyer' tested in this experiment is known to establish and recuperate slowly.…”

Section: Annual Bluegrass Reductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nonchemical annual bluegrass (Poa annua) management in zoysiagrass via fraise mowing

et al. 2020

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Continued reliance on chemical methods for controlling annual bluegrass has resulted in many populations evolving resistance to PRE and POST herbicides, particularly in warm-season turfgrass species such as zoysiagrass. Soil seedbank management is critically important when managing herbicide-resistant weeds. Fraise mowing (also spelled fraze, frase, and fraize) is a new turfgrass cultivation practice designed to remove aboveground biomass while allowing turf to regrow vegetatively. We hypothesized that this process would remove annual bluegrass seed and therefore be a mechanical means of controlling annual bluegrass in turfgrass. Zoysiagrass field plots were fraise-mowed in June 2015 only, June 2016 only, June 2015 and June 2016, or left untreated. The fraise mower was configured to remove the uppermost 25 mm of plot surface (i.e., 15-mm verdure and 10-mm soil). Annual bluegrass infestation was quantified in April following fraise mowing via grid count. Soil cores (10.8 cm diameter) were extracted from each plot after grid count data were collected to assess effects of fraise mowing on the soil seedbank. Moreover, replicated subsamples (7.6 L) of debris generated during fraise mowing were collected to better understand weed seed content removed during the fraise mowing process. Fraise mowing in June offered a slight reduction (24%) in annual bluegrass cover the following April. Whereas 28% of the seed in fraise-mowing debris consisted of annual bluegrass, there was no difference in the quantity of annual bluegrass seed remaining in the soil seedbank among fraise-mowed and non–fraise-mowed plots. Although fraise mowing may help to temporarily reduce existing annual bluegrass infestations via mechanical removal, the frequency and depth we studied did not effectively reduce the seedbank. Fraise mowing is a useful tool for providing mechanical suppression of annual bluegrass but it is not a replacement for properly timed herbicide applications.

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“…It is important to mention that cv. Emerald, released in the USA in 1955 (Patton et al, 2017), is a cross between Zoysia japonica and Zoysia pacifica, whereas cv. 'Esmeralda TM ', produced in Brazil, is Zoysia japonica.…”

Section: History Of Sod Production In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sod production in Brazil

et al. 2020

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The history of sod production in Brazil is somewhat recent when compared with conventional agricultural crops. This review describes the beginning of sod production in Brazil and the introduction of Emerald grass, as well as the emergence of Sod Growers Associations, which coincides with the marked expansion of the sector. The grass species and cultivars grown in Brazil are also presented and the main characteristics described. The text also reports few data in sod production area in the country, providing an overview planting evolution and characteristics of the market.

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Zoysiagrass (Zoysiaspp.) History, Utilization, and Improvement in the United States: A Review

Cited by 72 publications

References 123 publications

Application Timing Affects Tolerance of Zoysiagrass to Fluazifop‐P‐butyl and Safening Effect of Triclopyr

Application Timing Affects Tolerance of Zoysiagrass to Fluazifop‐P‐butyl and Safening Effect of Triclopyr

Nonchemical annual bluegrass (Poa annua) management in zoysiagrass via fraise mowing

Sod production in Brazil

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