Zooplankton ecology in the eastern tropical Pacific oxygen minimum zone above a seamount: 2. Vertical distribution of copepods

Saltzman, Jennifer; Wishner, Karen F.

doi:10.1016/s0967-0637(97)00006-x

Cited by 71 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The majority of copepods are found in the upper 40 m both during day and night, probably due to anoxic water below Sameoto 1981). This behaviour is similar to other species in the eastern South PaciWc where adult populations are mostly above 50 m in both oceanic (Longhurst 1967;Flint 1975;Saltzman and Wishner 1997) and coastal waters (Flint et al 1991). Recently, detailed studies on the vertical distribution of selected copepod species have been conducted in the Humboldt Current System oV northern Chile, with emphasis on diel vertical migration performed by the deep-dwelling Eucalanus inermis (Hidalgo et al 2005;Escribano 2006).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Zooplankton did not exceed 30-m depth and zooplankton peak was coincident with the sharp gradient in dissolved oxygen concentration. Saltzman and Wishner (1997) examined the vertical distribution of copepods in the eastern tropical PaciWc, and showed how copepods have modiWed vertical distribution in regions with pronounced midwater oxygen minimum zones and displayed diVerent environments. Several deep-sea animals have modiWed metabolic systems adapted to survival in water with low oxygen availability (Childress and Thuessen 1992).…”

Section: Meroplankton and Reverse Diel Vertical Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zooplankton vertical distribution and migration off Central Peru in relation to the oxygen minimum layer

et al. 2007

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Vertical distribution and diel vertical migration of a zooplankton community were studied at two stations oV Central Peru in April 2006. Zooplankton was collected at Wve depth strata by vertical hauls with Hydo-Bios multinet (300-m mesh, 0.25-m 2 mouth size). The zooplankton community was distributed in relation to a strong, shallow oxycline (1 ml l ¡1 oxygen isopleth generally above 36 m). The highest total abundance was always in the upper, welloxygenated layer. The most important species were: Acartia tonsa (72.86%), Centropages brachiatus (7.5%), and Paracalanus parvus (3.1%); Acartia tonsa was the dominant species at all times. Larvae of the polychaete Magelona sp. (7.5%) and larvae of the brachiopod Discinisca lamellosa (3.5%) were numerically dominant in April and small copepods e.g. Oncaea venusta (3.88%) were numerically dominant during August. Five distinct patterns of vertical distribution and migration in relation to the oxygen minimum layer were distinguished in this study: (1) Ontogenetic vertical migration through the oxycline (Acartia tonsa adults, nauplii, and copepodids), (2) permanent limitation to layers above the oxycline (e.g. Oikopleura sp., most invertebrate larvae), (3) distribution mostly below the oxycline with occasional migration into the layers just above the oxycline (Eucalanus inermis), (4) Diel Vertical Migration (Centropages brachiatus), and (5) reverse Diel Vertical Migration (larvae of the polychaete Magelona sp.).

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Meroplankton and Reverse Diel Vertical Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zooplankton vertical distribution and migration off Central Peru in relation to the oxygen minimum layer

et al. 2007

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“…The abundance and biomass of metazoans living permanently at extremely low oxygen concentrations < 0.6 mL L −1 are rather low (Auel and Verheye, 2007;Escribano et al, 2009;Fernández-Álamo and Färber-Lorda, 2006;Saltzmann and Wishner, 1997;Wishner et al, 1998), although animals have evolved physiological (such as metabolic suppression) and/or morphological adaptations (such as increased gill surface area) that allow them to cope temporarily or permanently with O 2 -depleted conditions (e.g., copepods such as Eucalanus inermis : Flint et al, 1991; euphausiids such as Euphausia mucronata : Antezana, 2009;decapods: Pearcy et al, 1977; cephalopods such as Dosidicus gigas: Rosa and Seibel, 2010;and teleosts: Friedman et al, 2012;Luo et al, 2000). According to Seibel (2011), adaptations to low oxygen levels are needed below approximately 40 µmol O 2 kg −1 .…”

Section: The Impact Of Zooplankton On Organic Matter Export and Reminmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water column biogeochemistry of oxygen minimum zones in the eastern tropical North Atlantic and eastern tropical South Pacific oceans

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Recent modeling results suggest that oceanic oxygen levels will decrease significantly over the next decades to centuries in response to climate change and altered ocean circulation. Hence, the future ocean may experience major shifts in nutrient cycling triggered by the expansion and intensification of tropical oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), which are connected to the most productive upwelling systems in the ocean. There are numerous feedbacks among oxygen concentrations, nutrient cycling and biological productivity; however, existing knowledge is insufficient to understand physical, chemical and biological interactions in order to adequately assess past and potential future changes.In the following, we summarize one decade of research performed in the framework of the Collaborative Research Center 754 (SFB754) focusing on climate-biogeochemistry interactions in tropical OMZs. We investigated the influence of low environmental oxygen conditions on biogeochemical cycles, organic matter formation and remineralization, greenhouse gas production and the ecology in OMZ regions of the eastern tropical South Pacific compared to the weaker OMZ of the eastern tropical North Atlantic. Based on our findings, a coupling of primary production and organic matter export via the nitrogen cycle is proposed, which may, however, be impacted by several additional factors, e.g., micronutrients, particles acting as microniches, vertical and horizontal transport of organic material and the role of zooplankton and viruses therein.

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“…Abundances of other calanoid copepods are higher at the surface and below 300 m as compared to the centre of the OMZ. Most euphausiids and some copepods avoid the core of the OMZ with less than 0.1 mL O 2 L −1 (Sameoto, 1986;Sameoto et al, 1987;Saltzman and Wishner, 1997b). Increasing abundances of copepods and euphausiids below the OMZ indicate that the OMZ acts as a barrier for some species, although specifically adapted species regularly migrate through the OMZ (Saltzman and Wishner, 1997b;Auel and Verheye, 2007, for Euphausia mucronata in the Humboldt Current see Escribano et al, 2009).…”

Section: Changes In Spatial Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most euphausiids and some copepods avoid the core of the OMZ with less than 0.1 mL O 2 L −1 (Sameoto, 1986;Sameoto et al, 1987;Saltzman and Wishner, 1997b). Increasing abundances of copepods and euphausiids below the OMZ indicate that the OMZ acts as a barrier for some species, although specifically adapted species regularly migrate through the OMZ (Saltzman and Wishner, 1997b;Auel and Verheye, 2007, for Euphausia mucronata in the Humboldt Current see Escribano et al, 2009). Among the specialists that regularly inhabit the OMZ is Rhincalanus nasutus (Castro et al, 1993;Sameoto, 1986) and non-calanoid copepods of the genus Oncaea (Böttger-Schnack, 1996).…”

Section: Changes In Spatial Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of hypoxia on the structure and processes in pelagic communities (zooplankton, macro-invertebrates and fish)

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the water column is an environmental parameter that is crucial for the successful development of many pelagic organisms. Hypoxia tolerance and threshold values are species-and stagespecific and can vary enormously. While some fish species may suffer from oxygen values of less than 3 mL O 2 L −1 through impacted growth, development and behaviour, other organisms such as euphausiids may survive DO levels as low as 0.1 mL O 2 L −1 . A change in the average or the range of DO may have significant impacts on the survival of certain species and hence on the species composition in the ecosystem with consequent changes in trophic pathways and productivity.Evidence for the deleterious effects of oxygen depletion on pelagic species is scarce, particularly in terms of the effect of low oxygen on development, recruitment and patterns of migration and distribution. While planktonic organisms have to cope with variable DOs and exploit adaptive mechanisms, nektonic species may avoid areas of unfavourable DO and develop adapted migration strategies. Planktonic organisms may only be able to escape vertically, above or beneath the Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ). In shallow areas only the surface layer can serve as a refuge, but in deep waters many organisms have developed vertical migration strategies to use, pass through and cope with the OMZ.Correspondence to: W. Ekau (wekau@zmt-bremen.de) This paper elucidates the role of DO for different taxa in the pelagic realm and the consequences of low oxygen for foodweb structure and system productivity. We describe processes in two contrasting systems, the semi-enclosed Baltic Sea and the coastal upwelling system of the Benguela Current to demonstrate the consequences of increasing hypoxia on ecosystem functioning and services.

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Zooplankton ecology in the eastern tropical Pacific oxygen minimum zone above a seamount: 2. Vertical distribution of copepods

Cited by 71 publications

References 19 publications

Zooplankton vertical distribution and migration off Central Peru in relation to the oxygen minimum layer

Zooplankton vertical distribution and migration off Central Peru in relation to the oxygen minimum layer

Water column biogeochemistry of oxygen minimum zones in the eastern tropical North Atlantic and eastern tropical South Pacific oceans

Impacts of hypoxia on the structure and processes in pelagic communities (zooplankton, macro-invertebrates and fish)

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