Zooplankton at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) station: diel, seasonal and interannual variation in biomass, 1994–1998

Madin, Laurence P.; Horgan, Erich; Steinberg, Deborah K.

doi:10.1016/s0967-0645(00)00171-5

Cited by 96 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…2C). This was consistent with previous reports for the BATS site (e.g., Steinberg et al 2001). The seasonal cycle of absorption by CDOM was more complex, with what appeared to be an initial increase each year at most depths following the spring phytoplankton increase and coincident with the onset of UV pigment expression (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Chlorophyll concentrations ranged from 0.002 to 0.606 mg m Ϫ3 , with a mean of 0.1519 mg m Ϫ3 ( ϭ 0.113, n ϭ 245). Mixed layer depth varied both seasonally and interannually and was similar to values reported previously (e.g., Steinberg et al 2001; Fig. 3A).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…It is also possible that both of these explanations contribute. The UV absorption peak is at its largest relative value during the summer, when a shift in community structure typically occurs to a predominantly prokaryotic picoplankton community from a community with a larger relative population of flagellates such as prymnesiophytes and pelagophytes (Anderson et al 1996;Steinberg et al 2001). Induction of MAA synthesis has been demonstrated in prymnesiophyte species (Moisan and Mitchell 2001), and UV-absorbing compounds are known to be present in the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal cycle of phytoplankton UV absorption at the Bermuda Atlantic Time‐series Study (BATS) site

Morrison

Nelson

2004

Limnology & Oceanography

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Measurements of the phytoplankton absorption coefficient, a ph (), at the Bermuda Atlantic Times-series Study (BATS) site demonstrated a seasonal pattern of absorption in the ultraviolet (UV) range. This was evidenced as peaks between 313 and 335 nm in a ph () from the surface waters (Ͻ50 m) in the summer months (April-October) that were smaller or absent in the winter (November-March). These peaks were most probably caused by pigments such as mycosporine-like amino acids. UV pigment expression in the surface samples, approximated from a ph (319)/ a ph (365), was linearly related to the irradiance exposure at 324 nm (r 2 ϭ 0.81). Irradiance exposure was estimated by a layered mixing model parameterized with the calculated mixed layer depth and modeled surface irradiance. Modeled UV irradiance, calculated with satellite-derived atmospheric data and an atmospheric radiative transfer model, was not significantly different from the measured monthly mean surface irradiance. These results suggest that UV pigments are potentially ubiquitous throughout the world's oceans and could be an important source of highly colored dissolved organic matter. A peak in the monthly averaged a CDOM for both surface and deeper waters occurred during the period of maximal UV pigment expression at the surface, suggesting either a direct link or similar physical forcing of the two. UV pigments can also be important in higher trophic levels if bioaccumulation, which has been demonstrated in other regions, occurs.Absorption of solar energy to drive photosynthesis exposes phytoplankton to potentially damaging ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Ultraviolet radiation incident on the earth's surface includes UV-A (315-400 nm) and UV-B (280-315 nm), but not UV-C (Ͻ280 nm) which is rapidly absorbed by oxygen and ozone in the modern day Earth atmosphere. Ozone also absorbs the majority of UV-B. The more energetic UV-B has the greatest potential for cell damage caused by both direct effects on DNA and proteins and indirect effects via the production of reactive oxygen species (see review in Vincent and Neale 2000). Recent research into the environmental effects of UV radiation has been stimulated by anthropogenic depletion of stratospheric ozone, most notably in the

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal cycle of phytoplankton UV absorption at the Bermuda Atlantic Time‐series Study (BATS) site

Morrison

Nelson

2004

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…These cause patchy distributions of phytoplankton (Rodriguez et al 2001;Martin 2003) and zooplankton (Boucher et al 1987;Abraham 1998;Madin et al 2001). Moreover, upward water motions in the ageostrophic frontal circulation caused by mesoscale and submesoscale physical structures result in divergence, which may reduce the sinking of large phytoplankton through upwelling, control the size structure of phytoplankton assemblages, and favor the formation of patches in the upper layer (Rodriguez et al 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical distribution of aggregates (>110 µm) and mesoscale activity in the northeastern Atlantic: Effects on the deep vertical export of surface carbon

Guidi

Stemmann

Legendre

et al. 2007

Limnology & Oceanography

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Spatial and temporal variability in the distribution of marine aggregates (.110 mm) was studied using underwater video profilers in an area off the Iberian Peninsula and Azores Islands dominated by mesoscale and submesocale hydrodynamics in winter, spring, and summer 2001. In the 0-200-m layer, aggregates were most abundant in spring (100-120 mg dry weight [dry wt] m 23 ) and lowest during summer and winter (1-10 mg dry wt m 23 ). In the deeper layers (down to 1,000 m), the seasonal pattern was different, with concentrations highest in spring and summer, and lowest in winter (e.g., at 800 m, 5-10 mg dry wt m 23 in spring and summer; 1-5 mg dry wt m 23 in winter). The seasonal change in the abundance of aggregates in the upper 1,000 m was consistent with changes in the composition and intensity of the particulate flux recorded in sediment traps and with seasonal changes in the surface phytoplankton community. In an area dominated by eddies, surface accumulation of aggregates and export down to 1,000 m occur at mesoscale distances (,100 km). The occurrence of a rich aggregate layer may be related to mesoscale activity in water flow that drives nutrient inputs, phytoplankton production, and the formation of large aggregates. Such spatially constrained zones of massive export may be typical of frontal open-sea systems, and may have been missed by conventional sediment trap moorings, which cannot resolve export at this mesoscale level.

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“…Considering that the clear majority of samplings in the area take place during day time, above 100 m depth (when 25 groups A, B, C, D are at the deeper parts) and with inappropriate net type and tow to capture large organisms (as explained above), it is rational to assume that they are misrepresented in the samples. Appropriate sampling strategy with day and night sampling regularly (monthly frequency) with appropriate net type and tows to study diel and seasonal variation of large organisms, has been done in few locations such as the Ligurian Sea (Sardou et al, 1996), the ALOHA site (Al-Mutairi and Landry, 2001) and the BATS site (Madin et al, 2001;Jiang et al, 2007), with significant logistical effort. 30…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ADCP observations of migration patterns of zooplankton in the Cretan Sea

Potiris

Frangoulis

Kalampokis

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. The lack of knowledge of the mesopelagic layer inhabitants, especially of those performing strong vertical migration, is an acknowledged challenge as its incomplete representation leads to the exclusion of an active carbon and nutrient pathway from the surface to the deeper layers and reversely. The vertical migration of mesopelagic inhabitants (macro-10 planktonic and micro-nektonic) was observed by acoustical means in the epi-and mesopelagic layer of the open oligotrophic Cretan Sea (Eastern Mediterranean) for almost 2.5 years at the site of an operational fixed-point observatory located at 1500m depth. The observed organisms were categorized in four groups according to their migration patterns. The variability of the migration patterns was inspected in relation to the physical and biological environmental conditions of the study area. The stratification of the water column does not act as a barrier for the vertical motion of the strongest migrants, moving up to 400 15 m every day. Instead, changes of light intensity (lunar cycle, daylight duration, cloudiness) and the presence of prey and predators seem to explain the observed daily, monthly and seasonal variability. The continuous presence of these organisms, yet capable of vertical motion and despite the profound seasonal circulation variability at the site of the observatory, implies their presence in the broader study area. The fundamental implications of the above for biogeochemical processing in oligotrophic seas due to the intimate link of the C and nutrient cycles, are discussed. 20

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Zooplankton at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) station: diel, seasonal and interannual variation in biomass, 1994–1998

Cited by 96 publications

References 31 publications

Seasonal cycle of phytoplankton UV absorption at the Bermuda Atlantic Time‐series Study (BATS) site

Seasonal cycle of phytoplankton UV absorption at the Bermuda Atlantic Time‐series Study (BATS) site

Vertical distribution of aggregates (>110 µm) and mesoscale activity in the northeastern Atlantic: Effects on the deep vertical export of surface carbon

ADCP observations of migration patterns of zooplankton in the Cretan Sea

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