Zoophthora radicans (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) conidia production from naturally infected Empoasca kraemeri and dry-formulated mycelium under laboratory and field conditions

Wraight, Stephen P.; Galaini-Wraight, S.; Carruthers, Raymond I.; Roberts, Donald W.

doi:10.1016/s1049-9644(03)00035-5

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A ‘marcescence process’ has been developed to prepare dried mycelial mats of Zoophthora radicans [16], another entomophthorlanean fungus infecting a wide range of host insects. Such mycelial mats can be stored for certain periods at low temperatures and rehydrated for sporulation under moist conditions [17–19]. Since mycelial mats are not infectious until rehydration and sporulation occur, appropriate formulation is necessary for their use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting the sporulation capacity during long-term storage of the aphid-pathogenic fungus Pandora neoaphidis grown on broomcorn millet

Feng

2005

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Aphid‐pathogenic fungus, Pandora neoaphidis, grown on broomcorn millet possesses greater sporulation capacity (Cs) than aphid cadavers. The most sporulating cultures (32.0 × 104 spores millet−1 grain) with water content (Cw) of 48.7% were prepared by incubation at 20 °C for 15 days and used to study the effect of temperature and humidity on Cs during long‐term storage. Cultures were sealed with paper to retain ambient humidity, with parafilm for saturated humidity, or kept in 85% and 98% RH chambers. The Cw and Cs were monitored during 200‐day storage at 5–20 °C. The paper‐sealed cultures at 5 °C, associated with 21–25% of Cw, were best preserved and their 120‐day Cs was similar to that of the fresh cadavers. Consistently or variably high RH at 5 °C resulted in significantly higher Cw and lower Cs despite longer viability. The regimes at ?10 °C preserved the cultures for ?40 days. The observations fit well to the logistic model Cs= 35.28/{1 + exp[−2.36 + (−0.003Cw+ 0.001CwT)t]} (r2= 0.95) for all regimes of temperature (T) or Cs= 35.55/[1 + exp(−2.33 + 0.001Cwt)] (r2= 0.93) at 5 °C only. The rate of decline of Cs of −0.003Cw+ 0.001CwT or 0.001 Cw over days (t) highlights the primary effect of Cw. The daily Cs‐decline rates obtained for the best‐stored cultures and air‐dried cadavers stored at 5 °C were surprisingly identical. The results suggest a possible cheap method for preparing and storing large quantities of P. neoaphiodis inocula.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting the sporulation capacity during long-term storage of the aphid-pathogenic fungus Pandora neoaphidis grown on broomcorn millet

Feng

2005

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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“…1) are much higher than those of dried mycelial mats or grain cultures in previous studies. For instance, Zoophthora radicans mycelia produced in liquid culture, treated with maltose and dried by the marcescence process (McCabe and Soper 1985) had a maximal yield of 13·7 × 10 4 conidia mg −1 dry biomass under saturated humidity conditions (Wraight et al. 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sporulation, storage and infectivity of obligate aphid pathogenPandora nouryigrown on novel granules of broomcorn millet and polymer gel

Zhou

Feng

2009

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: Producing granular cultures of obligate aphid pathogen Pandora nouryi for improved sporulation and storage. Methods and Results: Small millet–gel granules were made of the mixtures of 80–95% millet powder with 5–20% polymer gel (polyacrylamide, polyacrylate or acrylate‐acrylamide copolymer) and inoculated with mycelia at 30 mg biomass g−1 dry granules plus 87·5% water, followed by static incubation at 20°C for 4–12 days. The fungus grew well on 12 preparations but best on that including 10% copolymer. An 8‐day culture of this preparation discharged maximally 58·5 × 104 conidia mg−1 granule at 100% RH and was capable of ejecting conidia at the nonsaturated regimes of 86–97% RH. During storage at 6°C, granular cultures with >85% water content had twofold longevity (120 days) and half‐decline period (34–36 days) of those stored at room temperature. The steadily high water content preserved the cultures better than that decreasing at 6°C. However, conidia from 70‐day‐stored granules were less infective to Myzus persicae nymphs than those from fresh ones based on their LC50s. Conclusions: The millet–gel granules had higher sporulation capacity than reported Pandora cultures and a capability of spore discharge at nonsaturated humidity. Significance and Impact of the Study: The granular cultures are more useful for aphid control.

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“…Dr. Roberts also conducted research, in Brazil and the US, on the biological characteristics and epizootiology of Zoophthora radicans (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales), a fungal pathogen of leafhoppers that can be used in the US as a control for Empoasca fabae. Field epizootics can occur after release of Erynia radicans and the Roberts laboratory worked on use of this fungus in a colonizing biological control approach, as well as a mycoinsecticide (Butt et al, 1988;Wraight et al, 1990Wraight et al, , 2003Magalhaes et al, 1991;Galaini-Wraight et al, 1991;Leite et al, 1996).…”

Section: The Boyce Thompson Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Society for Invertebrate Pathology 2009 Founders’ Lecture

Leger

2010

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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Zoophthora radicans (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) conidia production from naturally infected Empoasca kraemeri and dry-formulated mycelium under laboratory and field conditions

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

Factors affecting the sporulation capacity during long-term storage of the aphid-pathogenic fungus Pandora neoaphidis grown on broomcorn millet

Factors affecting the sporulation capacity during long-term storage of the aphid-pathogenic fungus Pandora neoaphidis grown on broomcorn millet

Sporulation, storage and infectivity of obligate aphid pathogenPandora nouryigrown on novel granules of broomcorn millet and polymer gel

Society for Invertebrate Pathology 2009 Founders’ Lecture

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