Zoonotic Tuberculosis – The Changing Landscape

Kock, Richard; Michel, Anita Luise; Yeboah-Manu, Dorothy; Azhar, Esam I.; Torrelles, Jordi B.; Cadmus, Simeon; Brunton, Lucy A.; Chakaya, Jeremiah; Marais, Ben J.; Mboera, Leonard E. G.; Rahim, Zeaur; Haider, Najmul; Zumla, Alimuddin

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.091

Cited by 50 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…M. bovis is considered the proxy for zoonotic TB, it is responsible for up to 37.7% of all human TB cases in Africa [ 147 ]. However, other mycobacteria present in animals and the environment can cause zoonotic TB, these include M. canetti , M. caprae , M. microti , M. pinnipedii , M. mungi , and M. orygis [ 148 ]. According to the 2020 WHO Global Tuberculosis Report, out of 10 million with new active TB, 140,000 (1.4%) are estimated to be new cases of zoonotic TB [ 149 ].…”

Section: Zoonotic Importance Of Btbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Southeast Asia comprises almost 44% of the global TB burden [ 149 ]. The existence of multiple carriers magnifies the problem; deer, antelopes buffalo, wild boar, brushtail possums, bison, goats, camels, alpaca, llama, pigs, European badgers, dogs, and cats in addition to the primary reservoir cattle [ 148 ]. There are several risk factors for M. bovis transmission that govern bTB epidemiology and transmission to humans.…”

Section: Zoonotic Importance Of Btbmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on Bovine Tuberculosis: An Emerging Disease Associated with Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium Species

Borham¹,

Oreiby

El-Gedawy³

et al. 2022

Pathogens

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Bovine tuberculosis is a serious infectious disease affecting a wide range of domesticated and wild animals, representing a worldwide economic and public health burden. The disease is caused by Mycobacteriumbovis and infrequently by other pathogenic mycobacteria. The problem of bovine tuberculosis is complicated when the infection is associated with multidrug and extensively drug resistant M. bovis. Many techniques are used for early diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis, either being antemortem or postmortem, each with its diagnostic merits as well as limitations. Antemortem techniques depend either on cellular or on humoral immune responses, while postmortem diagnosis depends on adequate visual inspection, palpation, and subsequent diagnostic procedures such as bacterial isolation, characteristic histopathology, and PCR to reach the final diagnosis. Recently, sequencing and bioinformatics tools have gained increasing importance for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis, including, but not limited to typing, detection of mutations, phylogenetic analysis, molecular epidemiology, and interactions occurring within the causative mycobacteria. Consequently, the current review includes consideration of bovine tuberculosis as a disease, conventional and recent diagnostic methods, and the emergence of MDR-Mycobacterium species.

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Section: Zoonotic Importance Of Btbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Zoonotic Importance Of Btbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Bovine Tuberculosis: An Emerging Disease Associated with Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium Species

Borham¹,

Oreiby

El-Gedawy³

et al. 2022

Pathogens

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Animal vaccination is also proving beneficial in certain circumstances. Accordingly, oral bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine should be administered to animals at large scale as a complement to traditional control measures to induce protection against TB and decrease host reservoirs [56,57]. An even more troubling prospect involves animal carriers of drug-resistant MTB contributing to reverse zoonosis at the human-animal interface [58].…”

Section: Zoonotic Tb Control and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Control of Tuberculosis: Current Status and Future Prospects

Huang

Zhao

2022

Zoonoses

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Tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease that is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and can infect humans, livestock, and wildlife. It spreads primarily through the respiratory tract and was the leading cause of death due to a single infectious disease before the COVID-19 pandemic. TB is a global public health emergency that has reemerged over the past few decades. Substantial efforts are needed to achieve the goals of the End TB Strategy. The World Health Organization has estimated that approximately 9.9 million people worldwide contracted TB in 2020 and that approximately 140,000 of the 10 million new cases of active TB in 2019 were zoonotic TB. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of new TB diagnoses and reports decreased sharply, from 7.1 million in 2019 to 5.8 million in 2020, returning to 2012 levels far below the approximately 10 million TB cases in 2020. Simultaneously, the global decrease in the absolute number of TB deaths until 2019 was followed by an increase in 2020 in four of the six WHO regions and most of the 30 high-TB-burden countries. Therefore, extensive immediate actions worldwide are required to restore the health system, and innovations are needed to accelerate progress toward a tuberculosis-free world.

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“…Since the Symposium on Mycobacterial Infections of Zoo Animals held at the National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution in 1976 [ 1 ] our understanding of tuberculosis (TB) in non-domestic animals has greatly expanded. Tuberculosis (TB) is the most impactful bacterial disease to affect humanity, with a quarter of all humans infected [ 2 , 3 ]. It is responsible for about 10.4 million new cases per year and 1.5–2 million deaths around the world [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is responsible for about 10.4 million new cases per year and 1.5–2 million deaths around the world [ 4 ]. Although TB remains a global challenge, cases are highly concentrated in very specific parts of the world, with nearly 90% of all human TB cases located in South Asia, East Asia (China), South East Asia (Philippines, Indonesia) and, the most populous countries in Africa [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium tuberculosis sensu stricto in African Apes, What Is Its True Health Impact?

Sánchez

Hidalgo-Hermoso

2022

Pathogens

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Since the Symposium on Mycobacterial Infections of Zoo Animals held at the National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution in 1976, our understanding of tuberculosis (TB) in non-domestic animals has greatly expanded. Throughout the past decades, this knowledge has resulted in improved zoo-habitats and facilities design, stricter biosecurity measures, and advanced diagnostic methods, including molecular techniques, that have significantly decreased the number of clinical disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in apes under human care settings. In the other hand, exponential growth of human populations has led to human encroachment in wildlife habitat which has resulted in increased inter-species contact and recurrent conflict between humans and wild animals. Although it is widely accepted that non-human primates are susceptible to M. tb infection, opinions differ with regard to the susceptibility to develop disease amongst different taxa. Specifically, some authors suggest that African apes are less susceptible to clinical tuberculosis than other species of primates. The aim of this review article is to evaluate the current scientific literature to determine the actual health impact of disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and more specifically Mycobacterium tuberculosis sensu stricto in African apes. The literature review included literature databases: Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus, Wiley, Springer and Science direct, without temporal limit and proceedings of annual conferences in the field of wildlife health. Our general inclusion criteria included information about serological, molecular, pathological (macroscopic and/or microscopic), and clinical evidence of TB in African apes; while our, our more stringent inclusion selection criteria required that in addition to a gross pathology, a molecular test confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis sensu stricto as the cause of disease or death. We identified eleven reports of tuberculosis in African apes; of those, only four reports met the more stringent selection criteria that confirmed M. tb sensu stricto in six individuals. All reports that confirmed M. tb sensu stricto originated from zoological collections. Our review suggests that there is little evidence of disease or mortality caused by M. tb in the different species of African apes both under human care and free ranging populations. Additional studies are needed in free-ranging, semi-captive populations (sanctuaries) and animals under human care (zoos and rescue centers) to definitely conclude that this mycobacteria has a limited health effect in African ape species.

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Zoonotic Tuberculosis – The Changing Landscape

Cited by 50 publications

References 41 publications

Review on Bovine Tuberculosis: An Emerging Disease Associated with Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium Species

Review on Bovine Tuberculosis: An Emerging Disease Associated with Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium Species

Global Control of Tuberculosis: Current Status and Future Prospects

Mycobacterium tuberculosis sensu stricto in African Apes, What Is Its True Health Impact?

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