Zoonotic Problems Reported by Sheep and Goat Farmers and Factors Potentially Contributing to the Occurrence of Brucellosis among Them

Lianou, Daphne Τ.; Petinaki, Efthymia; Michael, Charalambia K.; Skoulakis, Anargyros; Cripps, Peter; Katsarou, Eleni I.; Papadopoulos, Elias; Billinis, Charalambos; Katsafadou, Angeliki I.; Mavrogianni, V.S.; Caroprese, Mariangela; Fthenakis, George C.

doi:10.3390/ijerph191610372

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…The availability of a separate lambing/kidding area in farms is recommended, in order to increase the survival of newborn lambs/kids and for establishing a dam–offspring bond [ 31 ]. Nevertheless, recent findings have indicated an increased risk to farmers for infection with Brucella melitensis [ 32 ]; hence, the need to implement increased biosecurity measures in such cases must be stressed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Reproductive Management in Sheep and Goat Farms in Greece

Lianou

Vasileiou

Michael

et al. 2022

Animals

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This paper reports findings regarding patterns of reproductive management in 325 sheep flocks and 119 goat herds throughout Greece. The objectives were to describe the patterns of reproductive management in sheep and goat farms, to highlight factors that were associated with these management patterns and the clinical application of the various reproductive management approaches in the farms and to establish potential associations with production outcomes. The median months of the start of the mating period for adult sheep and goats were May and June, respectively and for ewe lambs and replacement goats these were August and September, respectively. The median duration of the mating period was 2 months for adults and 1 month for replacements. The median ratio of female to male animals was 22:1 and 25:1 in sheep and goat farms, respectively. Control of reproduction was applied in 33.2% and 16.8% of sheep and goat farms, respectively, mostly by intravaginal progestagen sponges and less often by melatonin implants; multivariable analysis indicated five (availability of milking parlour, number of ewes in a farm, number of daily milkings, daily period spent by farmers at the farm, farming tradition in the family) and two (number of daily milkings, availability of milking parlour) predictors in sheep and goat farms, respectively. Pregnancy diagnosis ultrasonographically was performed in 36.6% and 16.8% of sheep and goat farms, respectively; multivariable analysis indicated as significant three (management system applied in farms, age of farmer, farming tradition in the family) and two (management system applied in farms, availability of milking parlour) predictors in sheep and goat farms, respectively. The control of reproduction and pregnancy diagnosis were associated with a higher number of vaccinations during pregnancy: 2.6 and 2.7, respectively, versus 2.2 and 2.1 in farms where they were not performed. The average per farm number of lambs/kids born per female animal was 1.33 ± 0.01 and 1.30 ± 0.02 for sheep and goat farms, respectively; five (control of reproduction, location of the farm, presence of working staff, collaboration with veterinary practice, breed of ewes) and two (control of reproduction, breed of female goats) predictors were identified in sheep and goat farms, respectively, for high numbers of lambs/kids. Lambs/kids were taken away from their dams at the age of 50 and 65 days, respectively. The average culling age (females, males) was 5.9 and 4.4 years and 6.9 and 4.9 years for sheep and goats, respectively. Farmers sourced animals to be used as replacements for those removed from the farm, mostly from the animals in their own farms, considering criteria related to milk production. Finally, the application of the control of reproduction was associated with increased milk production and the number of newborns, whilst an inverse correlation between the culling age of animals and milk production was seen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Reproductive Management in Sheep and Goat Farms in Greece

Lianou

Vasileiou

Michael

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…as evidenced by the field expertise of disease controllers and managers. The disease is one of the factors that can lead to failure in goat farming (Lianou et al, 2022). Suppose sick goats are not handled properly.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etawa Goat Business Development Strategy in Karanganyar Village Langsa City

Muwahhid,

Mastuti,

Rozalina

2023

JIA (J. Ilm. Agribisnis)

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Karanganyar Village is located in Langsa City and has prospects for Etawa goat farming (Capra aegagrus hircus). The demand for meat produced by Etawa goats (milk and meat) constantly increases. Efforts have been made to increase the livestock population, production, and productivity to meet market demand. Quantitative descriptive research was conducted to analyze the external and internal factors influencing the development of the Village-owned enterprises (BUMG) for Etawa goat farming in Karanganyar Village, Langsa Baro District, Langsa City, and to formulate a business development strategy. The research locations were purposefully chosen using the purposive method, and the respondents were selected using the purposive sampling method. The study included 5 respondents: livestock owners, managers, disease supervisors and controllers, expert lecturers, and consumers. Data was collected through a questionnaire, and the respondents were determined using purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using the EFE matrix, IFE matrix, and SWOT matrix to analyze the external factors (opportunities and threats) and internal factors (strengths and weaknesses). The results of this study indicate that to increase goat milk production. Several measures can be taken, such as increasing the goat population, increasing the number of male broodstock to accelerate breeding, using substitute feed such as tofu dregs as an additional main feed along with forage, and utilizing goat manure as organic fertilizer. Establishing strict operational standards (SOP) and supervision by relevant agencies is urgently needed to ensure the effective implementation of the policies and the success of the goat farming business in Karanganyar Village.

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“…Moreover, the disease's zoonotic potential is of great concern. Humans can contract acquire brucellosis through direct contact with infected animals, consumption of contaminated animal products, or occupational exposure, leading to a wide range of clinical symptoms (Lianou et al 2022). The zoonotic transmission of brucellosis emphasizes the need for effective control measures to safeguard public health (Sibhat et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brucellosis: A Global Challenge

2023

IJAB

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Brucellosis (Malta fever, Mediterranean fever, or undulant fever) is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. This disease affects both humans and animals, posing significant public health and economic concerns worldwide. Brucellosis remains a prevalent global issue, particularly in regions with inadequate veterinary control and surveillance systems. The transmission of brucellosis occurs primarily through direct contact with infected animals or consumption of contaminated products such as unpasteurized milk, cheese, and meat. The disease can spread through inhalation of infected aerosols or contaminated environmental sources. Human-to-human transmission is rare but possible, mainly through sexual intercourse, vertical transmission from mother to child, or laboratory. Clinically brucellosis in humans varies widely showing a flu-like illness, with symptoms including fever, chills, sweats, fatigue, myalgia, and joint pain. In some cases, brucellosis can become chronic and lead to more severe complications, such as arthritis, endocarditis, neurologic disorders, and reproductive. The management of brucellosis involves a multidisciplinary approach, i.e. accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and comprehensive surveillance and control measures. Antibiotics are the mainstay of therapy, typically administered for several weeks or months, depending on the clinical presentation and severity of the disease. Preventive measures include the implementation of vaccination programs for livestock, strict hygiene practices in animal husbandry, pasteurization of dairy products, and public education regarding the risks associated with consuming unpasteurized animal products. Control of brucellosis requires collaboration between veterinary and human health sectors, as well as active participation from governments, international organizations, and communities. Improved diagnostic methods, surveillance systems, and public awareness are crucial to reducing the burden of brucellosis and preventing its spread.

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Zoonotic Problems Reported by Sheep and Goat Farmers and Factors Potentially Contributing to the Occurrence of Brucellosis among Them

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

Patterns of Reproductive Management in Sheep and Goat Farms in Greece

Patterns of Reproductive Management in Sheep and Goat Farms in Greece

Etawa Goat Business Development Strategy in Karanganyar Village Langsa City

Brucellosis: A Global Challenge

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