Zoonotic parasites carried by invasive alien species in China

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in Africa. In Africa, the major causes of HCC include chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV). Knowledge of the changes in the incidence of viral hepatitis-associated HCC over time and the factors responsible for such changes is key in informing policies for the prevention of viral hepatitis-associated HCC in Africa. Aim The study aimed to systematically summarize the changes in the prevalence of viral hepatitis among HCC patients and the overall effect of the prevalence of viral hepatitis on the incidence of HCC over the past four decades in Africa (1980–2019). Methods A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and African wide web for articles published on viral hepatitis-associated HCC in Africa from 1980 to 2019. The abstracts of the articles were screened for eligibility and those meeting the inclusion criteria were retrieved and reviewed. Results A total of 272 studies were included in the analysis. Viral hepatitis-related HCC incidence changed by 1.17% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63–1.71, p < 0.001), 0.82% (95% CI: 0.45–1.18, p < 0.001), and 3.34% (95% CI: 2.44–4.25, p < 0.001) for every 1% change in the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and hepatitis D virus (HDV) respectively, per decade. The incidence of HBV-related HCC decreased by − 0.50% (95% CI: − 0.74 – − 0.25, p < 0.001) over the last 40 years, while HCV-related HCC increased. Conclusion Overall, the incidence of viral hepatitis-associated HCC has not declined, mainly due to no decline in the prevalence of HCV, HDV, and the high number of chronic hepatitis B carriers on the African continent. There is an urgent need for the allocation of resources for the implementation of treatment and preventive programs for HBV, HCV, HDV, and HCC in Africa. This systematic review is registered with PROSPERO®, number CRD42020169723.

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“…Eastern SSA and Southern SSA have a 5.5 and 3.8% prevalence of CHB, respectively. North Africa has the lowest prevalence of CHB of 2.8% [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An estimated 71.1 million people are currently chronic carriers of HCV worldwide, with about 18 million of these being in Africa and at risk of HCC development [ 18 , 20 ]. In SSA, the prevalence is estimated at 2.1–3.3% while North Africa has a prevalence of HCV of 2.3–7.7% [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral hepatitis associated hepatocellular carcinoma on the African continent, the past, present, and future: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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“…As an important intermediate host of S. mansoni ( Coelho and Caldeira, 2016 ), the freshwater snail B. straminea has invaded Hong Kong, China, since 1974 and has spread widely in South China ( Meier-Brook, 1974 ; Lin et al., 2020 ). In addition, this invasive snail can also transmit the zoonotic parasite Angiostrongylus cantonensis ( Xu et al., 2019 ; Zhu et al., 2019 ). Considering the potential risk of transmission of S. mansoni and threats to human health in China ( Colley et al., 2014 ; Lin et al., 2020 ), it is necessary to pay more attention to monitoring and controlling B. straminea with close surveillance and control strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Rotifers and Their Potential Use in the Biological Control of Biomphalaria

Lin

Xiang

Sanogo

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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BackgroundSchistosomiasis is one of the most important tropical parasitic diseases worldwide. Biomphalaria straminea, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, has invaded and spread to Southern China since 1974 and may pose enormous threats to public health. Controlling intermediate host snails is an effective strategy in schistosomiasis intervention. However, the only effective chemical molluscicide, niclosamide, currently recommended by WHO may cause environmental pollution, loss of biodiversity, and high costs. Thus, to counter intermediate hosts, a sustainable and environmentally friendly tool is urgently needed. Here, we conducted field investigations to collect and identify a potential snail competitor rotifer and evaluated its molluscicide effect.ResultsIn this study, we collected two samples of rotifers from Shenzhen. We found both red and black phenotypic B. straminea snails at the sampling sites. We identified the rotifer population as a species of the genus Philodina according to the amplification and phylogenetic analysis results of coxI gene. We found that rotifer exposure did not significantly affect the hatching rate of B. straminea eggs but promoted the killing of juvenile snails. Meanwhile, rotifer exposure did not significantly alter the fecundity of B. straminea quantified by the number of eggs per egg mass, the number of egg masses per snail, and the number of eggs per snail; but the snails exposed to rotifers showed lower fecundity performance than the control snails. Importantly, rotifer exposure could significantly affect the development of juvenile B. straminea, showing a smaller shell diameter of the exposed snails than that of the control snails. In addition, rotifer exposure affected the life span of B. straminea snails, showing a 16.61% decline in the average life span. After rotifer exposure, the S. mansoni-infected B. straminea snails died significantly faster than those without rotifer exposure. Similar findings were observed in S. mansoni-infected Biomphalaria glabrata snails. These results implied that rotifer exposure significantly promoted the mortality of S. mansoni-infected B. straminea and B. glabrata.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated the potential molluscicide effect of rotifers on intermediate hosts under laboratory conditions. Our findings may provide new insights into the development of biocontrol strategies for snail-borne disease transmission.

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“…Malaria remains a poverty-driven disease that is endemic in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) ( Ren, 2019 ). While LMIC carry the greatest burden of malaria, the disease was eradicated in the US in the 1940s following the implementation of public health interventions such as dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) spraying campaigns ( Newal, 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal trends of gestational malaria in the United States

Alexander

Dongarwar

Oduguwa

et al. 2020

Parasite Epidemiology and Control

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Background Although regarded as rare in the United States (US), increased global traffic and importation of malaria from endemic countries may lead to a rise in gestational malaria in the US. Methods This multi-year retrospective study analyzed trends in diagnosed cases of gestational malaria from 2002 to 2017 using joinpoint regression models. We also assessed the association between gestational malaria and selected maternal-fetal adverse outcomes. Results Mothers diagnosed with gestational malaria tended to be older, and the majority of diagnosed cases (52.9%) were among Non-Hispanic (NH) Blacks. Diagnosed cases of gestational malaria are on the rise in the US. Mothers diagnosed with gestational malaria were 5 times as likely (OR = 5.05, 95% CI: 4.05–6.29) to be anemic as compared to those without malaria. Compared to NH-Whites, NH-Black mothers were twice as likely to experience stillbirth, had nearly 50% greater adjusted odds of severe preeclampsia, and had about 30% elevated likelihood for preterm labor. Conclusions There is a need to dedicate appropriate resources to identify women that are at risk for gestational malaria in order to prevent related pregnancy complications.

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Zoonotic parasites carried by invasive alien species in China

Cited by 21 publications

References 144 publications

Viral hepatitis associated hepatocellular carcinoma on the African continent, the past, present, and future: a systematic review

Viral hepatitis associated hepatocellular carcinoma on the African continent, the past, present, and future: a systematic review

Molecular Characterization of Rotifers and Their Potential Use in the Biological Control of Biomphalaria

Temporal trends of gestational malaria in the United States

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