Zoonotic origin and transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the <scp>UAE</scp>

Paden, Clinton R.; Yusof, Mohammed F.; Hammadi, Zulaikha M. Al; Queen, Krista; Tao, Ying; Eltahir, Yassir Mohammed; Elsayed, Elsaeid A.; Marzoug, Bahaaeldin A.; Bensalah, Oum Keltoum; Khalafalla, Abdelmalik I.; Mulla, Mariam Al; Khudhair, Ahmed; Elkheir, Kheir Abou; Issa, Zoulkarneiri; Pradeep, K.; El-Saleh, Firas; Imambaccus, Hala; Sasse, Jürgen; Weber, Stefan; Shī, Mǎng; Zhang, J.; Li, Y.; Pham, Huong; Kim, L.; Hall, Aron J.; Gerber, Susan I.; Hosani, Farida Ismail Al; Tong, Suxiang; Muhairi, Salama Suhail Mohammed Al

doi:10.1111/zph.12435

Cited by 68 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…Despite moderate seropositivity, surveys have not detected active MERS-CoV infection in the dromedary populations of Bangladesh or Israel (David et al, 2018;Islam et al, 2018). RNA prevalence in dromedary populations linked to human cases was similar to more randomly sampled populations in the same country, with the exception of two small outbreak studies in the UAE which found 100% of epidemiologically linked dromedaries to be infected (Al Hammadi et al, 2015;Paden et al, 2018).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Active Mers-cov Infection -Cross-sectional Stumentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Our search found that dromedary populations in 16 countries have been tested for MERS-CoV RNA, 13 of which report positive results indicating active infection. These include KSA (0.12-56%) (Alagaili et al, 2014;Khalafalla et al, 2015;Sabir et al, 2016;Alfuwaires et al, 2017;Kasem et al, 2018a, b), UAE (0-29% (Wernery et al, 2015a, b;Yusof et al, 2015;Li et al, 2017;Yusof et al, 2017) or 0-100% if dromedaries epidemiologically linked to human MERS-CoV cases are included(Al Hammadi et al, 2015;Muhairi et al, 2016;Paden et al, 2018)), Qatar (22-79%) Reusken et al, 2014a;Farag et al, 2015;Mohran et al, 2016), Oman (7%) (Nowotny and Kolodziejek, 2014), Iraq (15%) (Al Salihi and Alrodhan, 2017), and Jordan (62%) (van Doremalen et al, 2017), as well as Egypt (4-15%) , Ali et al, 2017a, Ethiopia (10%) (Miguel et al, 2017), Kenya (0.35-0.95%) (Kiambi et al, 2018;Ommeh et al, 2018), Nigeria (3-11%) So et al, 2018), Burkina Faso (5%) (Miguel et al, 2017), Morocco (2%) (Miguel et al, 2017), and Pakistan (3%) . See Fig.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Active Mers-cov Infection -Cross-sectional Stumentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of MERS-CoV seroprevalence and RNA prevalence in dromedary camels: Implications for animal vaccination

et al. 2019

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Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is driven by recurring dromedary-to-human spill-over events, leading decision-makers to consider dromedary vaccination. Dromedary vaccine candidates in the development pipeline are showing hopeful results, but gaps in our understanding of the epidemiology of MERS-CoV in dromedaries must be addressed to design and evaluate potential vaccination strategies. We aim to bring together existing measures of MERS-CoV infection in dromedary camels to assess the distribution of infection, highlighting knowledge gaps and implications for animal vaccination. We systematically reviewed the published literature on MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science that reported seroprevalence and/or prevalence of active MERS-CoV infection in dromedary camels from both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. 60 studies met our eligibility criteria. Qualitative syntheses determined that MERS-CoV seroprevalence increased with age up to 80-100% in adult dromedaries supporting geographically widespread endemicity of MERS-CoV in dromedaries in both the Arabian Peninsula and countries exporting dromedaries from Africa. The high prevalence of active infection measured in juveniles and at sites where dromedary populations mix should guide further investigation -particularly of dromedary movement -and inform vaccination strategy design and evaluation through mathematical modelling.

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Section: Prevalence Of Active Mers-cov Infection -Cross-sectional Stumentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Prevalence Of Active Mers-cov Infection -Cross-sectional Stumentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of MERS-CoV seroprevalence and RNA prevalence in dromedary camels: Implications for animal vaccination

et al. 2019

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“…The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus first emerged in 2012 in Saudi Arabia (9). MERS-coronavirus also pertains to beta-coronavirus and having camels as a zoonotic source or primary host (18). In a recent study, MERS-coronavirus was also detected in Pipistrellus and Perimyotis bats (19), proffering that bats are the key host and transmitting medium of the virus (20,21).…”

Section: Primary Reservoirs and Hosts Of Coronavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 infection: Emergence, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses

Shereen

Khan

Kazmi

et al. 2020

Journal of Advanced Research

3,461

2,878

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The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in Wuhan, China and spread around the world. Genomic analysis revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is phylogenetically related to severe acute respiratory syndrome-like (SARS-like) bat viruses, therefore bats could be the possible primary reservoir. The intermediate source of origin and transfer to humans is not known, however, the rapid human to human transfer has been confirmed widely. There is no clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine available to be used against COVID-19. However, few broad-spectrum antiviral drugs have been evaluated against COVID-19 in clinical trials, resulted in clinical recovery. In the current review, we summarize and comparatively analyze the emergence and pathogenicity of COVID-19 infection and previous human coronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). We also discuss the approaches for developing effective vaccines and therapeutic combinations to cope with this viral outbreak. glycoprotein of novel coronavirus is developed from a SARS-CoV (CoVZXC21 or CoVZC45) and a yet unknown . Nonetheless, to eradicate the virus, more work is required to

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“…The emergence of dominant and recombinant MERS-CoV which caused a human outbreak in 2015 has been reported from camel [3]. The zoonotic introduction was suspected after the MERS-CoV identification [18] and in a recent study from UAE the genetic diversity of MERS-CoV full-genome from both human and dromedary camel was analyzed, and very closed sequence similarity was observed which confirms the zoonotic introductions [20,21]. Additionally, the zoonotic introduction time and seasons play an important role in the disease spread.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Genetic diversity of MERS-CoV spike protein gene in Saudi Arabia

Sohrab¹,

Azhar²

2020

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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a b s t r a c tBackground: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was primarily detected in 2012 and still causing disease in human and camel. Camel and bats have been identified as a potential source of virus for disease spread to human. Although, significant information related to MERS-CoV disease, spread, infection, epidemiology, clinical features have been published, A little information is available on the sequence diversity of Spike protein gene. The Spike protein gene plays a significant role in virus attachment to host cells. Recently, the information about recombinant MERS-CoV has been published. So, this work was designed to identify the emergence of any another recombinant virus in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: In this study samples were collected from both human and camels and the Spike protein gene was amplified and sequenced. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of MERS-CoV Spike protein gene were used to analyze the recombination, genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship with selected sequences from Saudi Arabia. Results: The nucleotide sequence identity ranged from 65.7% to 99.8% among all the samples collected from human and camels from various locations in the Kingdom. The lowest similarity (65.7%) was observed in samples from Madinah and Dammam. The phylogenetic relationship formed different clusters with multiple isolates from various locations. The sample collected from human in Jeddah hospital formed a closed cluster with human samples collected from Buraydah, while camel sample formed a closed cluster with Hufuf isolates. The phylogenetic tree by using Aminoacid sequences formed closed cluster with Dammam, Makkah and Duba isolates. The amino acid sequences variations were observed in 28/35 samples and two unique amino acid sequences variations were observed in all samples analyzed while total 19 nucleotides sequences variations were observed in the Spike protein gene. The minor recombination events were identified in eight different sequences at various hotspots in both human and camel samples using recombination detection programme. Conclusion: The generated information from this study is very valuable and it will be used to design and develop therapeutic compounds and vaccine to control the MERS-CoV disease spread in not only in the Kingdom but also globally.

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Zoonotic origin and transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the UAE

Cited by 68 publications

References 52 publications

A systematic review of MERS-CoV seroprevalence and RNA prevalence in dromedary camels: Implications for animal vaccination

A systematic review of MERS-CoV seroprevalence and RNA prevalence in dromedary camels: Implications for animal vaccination

COVID-19 infection: Emergence, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses

Genetic diversity of MERS-CoV spike protein gene in Saudi Arabia

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