Zoonotic infections in Nigeria: overview from a medical perspective

Coker, A. O.; Isokpehi, Raphael D.; Thomas, Bolaji N.; Fagbenro-Beyioku, A F; Omilabu, S.A.

doi:10.1016/s0001-706x(00)00091-7

Cited by 27 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Many other studies also indicated the association of Campylobacter diarrhea with the consumption of contaminated water or foods, ownership of livestock or poultry, or contact with animals [15]. Domestic birds and companion animals are known as reservoirs for Campylobacter species, and shedding of the bacteria from these reservoirs causes contamination of the environment [20][21][22]. Strains isolated from human and chickens were phenotypically and genotypically similar, confirming that chickens are an important source of human Campylobacteriosis in developing countries [20,23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Our results confirm an increased risk for diarrhea with the likelihood of water contamination. This often occurs with the use of nonpiped and stored water instead of a municipal source of water for drinking and cooking, and also with poor hygiene conditions of containers (i.e., duration of storage and the possible contact of water with other infected materials) [21]. Our observational study showed that among all cases of bacterial diarrhea, 25% of the families used non-piped water (public tap, tube well, canal, and water truck) as their main source for drinking and cooking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of household hygiene on the risk of bacterial diarrhea among Egyptian children in rural areas, 2004–2007

Hassan

Mansour

Shaheen

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: The present study, conducted between January 2004 and April 2007, explored the impact of household hygiene on the risk of bacterial diarrhea, using data from a prospective birth cohort of 348 infants in five villages in the Nile Delta in Egypt. Methodology: Neonates were enrolled at birth and followed up until 24 months of age. Children were visited twice a week to survey them for acute diarrhea. A detailed observational household hygiene survey was completed in-house every six months. Adjusted relative risk (aRR) of developing bacterial diarrhea was calculated for exposure to different hygiene variables and examined for specific bacterial pathogens. Results: Exclusive breastfeeding reduced the risk of bacterial diarrhea by 70%, while bacterial diarrhea cases were 2.6 times higher in the warm season. Risk of Campylobacter diarrhea increased with the absence of barriers to keep birds and animals out of the eating area, the presence of garbage containers and a bathing facility within the compound, and the presence of feces on the floor of the bathing facility. Use of municipal water for drinking and cooking was associated with a lower risk of Campylobacter diarrhea. Risk of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea increased with uncovered garbage containers and the presence of liquid materials in the garbage containers, but decreased with the use of tap water in the washing facility. Conclusion: The results highlight some potential targets for interventions, such as expanding municipal water supply to all houses and comprehensive mass-media awareness programs to change hygiene-promoting behaviors and practices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of household hygiene on the risk of bacterial diarrhea among Egyptian children in rural areas, 2004–2007

Hassan

Mansour

Shaheen

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…However, the extent to which this success is to be attributed to the implementation of a conceptually sound "One Health" framework remains to be analyzed. Interestingly, in Nigeria, the most populated country in Africa, from a medical perspective, brucellosis has been classified as a sporadic zoonosis and it is therefore unlikely that specific veterinary public health measures will be prioritized, even more so given that links between medical and veterinary officers in Nigeria can be said to be non-existent or at best very weak [13]. Lastly, in the scientific literature related to human brucellosis in Sub-Saharan Africa, prevalence rates are based on serological results, with less than a handful reports over the last four decades on the isolation of any Brucella strain in patients.…”

Section: Brucellosis Control and Eradication Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A “One Health” surveillance and control of brucellosis in developing countries: Moving away from improvisation

Godfroid

Dahouk

Pappas³

et al. 2013

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

178

169

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Although a "One Health" approach has been successfully implemented for emerging infectious zoonotic diseases with pandemic potential, we still lack a conceptual framework to address enzootic diseases like brucellosis. The vast majority of published brucellosis studies in the developing world rely solely on serology. An important shortcoming of brucellosis serology is the impossibility to infer which (smooth) Brucella spp. induced antibodies in the host. In this respect, mixed farming and especially raising small ruminants along with cattle, a common practice in the developing world, is reported to be a risk factor and a central question that has to be answered is whether cattle are infected with B. melitensis or with B. abortus or with both Brucella species. Therefore the isolation, identification and molecular characterization of Brucella spp. in human and the different livestock species needs to be undertaken to define a sound conceptual framework, identify the source of infection and plan appropriate control measures.

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“…Lassa fever which has incubation period of 6-21 days is endemic to some parts of Nigeria including Benue state [4]. Lassa Virus is highly contagious, classified by the American centers for Disease control and prevention as class A virus and requiring bio-safety level for management Quick Reference Guide, 2015 [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lassa Fever Epidemic in Nigeria - Outbreak Investigation, Risk Factors and Empirical Analysis from 2012 To 2016

Saka¹,

Gubio²,

Kerecvel³

et al. 2017

J Comm Pub Health Nurs

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Lassa haemorrhagic fever caused by the Lassa virus is an acute, highly infectious zoonotic disease. Magnitude of disease is becoming greater with increasing mortality and morbidity and spread to other area in Nigeria. The study accessed outbreak outcome, risk factors and empirical analysis from 2012 to 2016.Active case search conducted included health facilities that treated confirmed and suspect cases, as well as their residential and business premises using questionnaire and Laboratory analysis. All cases were identified based on the adopted case definition of a person with severe illness of <3 weeks duration and temperature ≥ 38ºC. Individuals with potential direct exposure to Lassa virus through contact with a case were risk assessed. Evidence from data LF cases recorded for five years were analysis using Epi Info 6.A total of Eight (8) cases were seen during the period of investigation. Three (3) was confirmed, one of the confirmed case who was a doctor died. Case fatality rate is 37.5%. Over 50% of the cases are aged between 25-40 years. Median age is 26 year with range 1-55years. Five of the eight cases (62.5%) are males. 100% of patients live in Markudi but 86.5% are Ibo settlers. Out of the 53 contacts that were assessed for risk, 25 (47.2%) were categorized as no risk, 25 (47.2%) were categorized as low risk, while 3 (5.6%) were high risk contacts. Between the period of five years 5051 cases conformed, with 3891 death from LF with case fatality of 77.03%. Risk factors for transmission not limited ethical believe, ignorance and misinformation.LF infection is on increase, affecting both health and non-health workers Over half of the contacts had direct contact with this case. Adopting proper standard precautions in hospitals as well as communities is recommended.

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Zoonotic infections in Nigeria: overview from a medical perspective

Cited by 27 publications

References 15 publications

The impact of household hygiene on the risk of bacterial diarrhea among Egyptian children in rural areas, 2004–2007

The impact of household hygiene on the risk of bacterial diarrhea among Egyptian children in rural areas, 2004–2007

A “One Health” surveillance and control of brucellosis in developing countries: Moving away from improvisation

Lassa Fever Epidemic in Nigeria - Outbreak Investigation, Risk Factors and Empirical Analysis from 2012 To 2016

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