Zoonotic diseases of fish and their prevention and control

Abstract

Fish and aquatic-derived zoonotic diseases have caused considerable problems in the aquaculture industry and fishery worldwide. In particular, zoonotic diseases can pose widespread threats to humans. With the world’s growing population and potential global trade of aquaculture and fish, the risk of environmental contamination and development of fish and aquatic-derived zoonoses in humans are increasing. The important causes of zoonoses include bacteria, parasites, viruses, and fungi. The zoonotic bacterial agents are divided into two main groups: Gram-positive ( Mycobacteriaceae , Streptococcaceae , Erysipelothricaceae families) and Gram-negative ( Aeromonadaceae , Vibrionaceae , Pseudomondaceae , Enterobacteriaceae , and Hafniaceae families). The premier parasitic agents include cestodes (tapeworm; e.g. Diphyllobothrium spp.), trematodes (fluke; e.g. Opisthorchis spp.), and nematodes (round worm; e.g. Anisakis spp.). In addition, protozoan organisms such as Cryptosporidium spp. are also considered fish-derived zoonotic pathogens. Two groups of fish-associated fungi causing basidiobolomycosis and sporotrichosis also pose a zoonotic risk for humans. The majority of the fish-derived zoonotic diseases are transmitted to humans mainly via the consumption of improperly cooked or raw fish or fish products. Therefore, the incidence of zoonotic diseases can be reduced by properly processing fish and fish products, e.g. by thermal (heat/freezing) treatment. The prevalence of zoonotic agents in fishes varies seasonally and should be regularly monitored to evaluate the prevalence of pathogens in both wild and cultured fish populations. This review focuses on the fish zoonotic agents/diseases and their control and prevention.

Gut Microbiota Mediates Skin Ulceration Syndrome Outbreak by Readjusting Lipid Metabolism in Apostichopus japonicus

“…Evidently, gut microbial disorders and imbalances produce passive effects on the host’s health [ 5 ]. One of the most significant elements affecting diseases in aquatic animals is pathogen infection [ 6 ]. Alterations in the complex gut microbial community due to the invasion of pathogens usually causes significant disturbances in the structure and diversity of the gut microbial community and influences the health of the host.…”

OCCURRENCE OF PARASITES IN LIVE Clarias gariepinus SOLD AT JIMETA MODERN MARKET, YOLA, ADAMAWA STATE

“…Parasitic agents, including cestodes (tapeworm), trematodes (fluke), nematodes (round worms), and protozoan organisms (such as Cryptosporidium spp. ), are considered fish-derived zoonotic pathogens (Ziarati et al, 2022). These authors (Ziarati et al, 2022) also argued that the majority of the fish-derived zoonotic parasitic diseases are transmitted to humans mainly via the consumption of improperly cooked or raw fish or fish products.…”

“…), are considered fish-derived zoonotic pathogens (Ziarati et al, 2022). These authors (Ziarati et al, 2022) also argued that the majority of the fish-derived zoonotic parasitic diseases are transmitted to humans mainly via the consumption of improperly cooked or raw fish or fish products. This makes it of public health importance to the consumers of fish and fish products bought from the study area.…”

Phenotypic characteristics and immune response of Procypris merus following challenge with aquatic isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae

“…Among the many species of waterborne pathogens, zoonotic pathogens are receiving increasing attention (Ziarati et al., 2022). Zoonotic infections have been increasing worldwide due to the increasing population density and human activities, increased contact between humans and natural pathogen‐carrying organisms and the gradual breakdown of interspecific barriers to pathogen hosts (Albery & Becker, 2021).…”

“…Among the many species of waterborne pathogens, zoonotic pathogens are receiving increasing attention (Ziarati et al, 2022).…”