Zoonotic aspects of infections with noroviruses and sapoviruses

Bank-Wolf, Barbara; König, Matthias; Thiel, Heinz-Jürgen

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.08.021

Cited by 88 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…This phylogenetic classification is correlated with the host specificity of NoVs among humans and other mammals (1). Importantly, the discovery of the murine NoVs greatly facilitated NoV research, as they are the only known NoVs capable of productive infection in cell cultures (9).…”

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confidence: 97%

“…They are the most important viral agents responsible for human gastroenteritis worldwide, and their role in causing enteric disease among different animals has been increasingly recognized (1,4). Transmission of NoVs can occur through various routes, including food, environment, and personal contact (2), resulting in gastroenteritis outbreaks as well as sporadic cases in non-outbreak settings (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Complete Genome Sequences of Novel Rat Noroviruses in Hong Kong

Tse

Chan

Lau

et al. 2012

J Virol

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We report two genome sequences of novel noroviruses isolated from fecal swab specimens of brown rats in Hong Kong. The complete genome is approximately 7.5 kb in length and consists of 3 overlapping open reading frames encoding ORF1 polyprotein, VP1, and VP2, respectively. Sequence analysis suggested that these noroviruses should be classified in genogroup V, but they are distinct from other known rodent noroviruses and represent a novel cluster within the genogroup.

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confidence: 97%

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confidence: 99%

Complete Genome Sequences of Novel Rat Noroviruses in Hong Kong

Tse

Chan

Lau

et al. 2012

J Virol

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“…with respect to humans is unknown. Nevertheless, several authors have raised the possibility that the epidemiology and pathogenicity of noroviruses might be significantly affected by zoonotic relationships (Bank-Wolf et al, 2010;Marshall & Bruggink, 2011).In order to clarify the origin and zoonotic context of MNV we have studied its presence in wild-rodent populations.We report the detection of MNV in both natural and managed Mus musculus populations, as well as the detection of a divergent MNV-related virus in the wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus. The observation of speciesspecific virus variants is consistent with co-speciation of virus and host, a hypothesis which has implications for the zoonotic context of human norovirus infections and the tempo of RNA virus evolution.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diversity of murine norovirus in wild-rodent populations: species-specific associations suggest an ancient divergence

Smith

McFadden

Blundell

et al. 2012

Journal of General Virology

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A survey of wild-rodent populations has revealed that murine norovirus (MNV) is present and diverse in wild-house mice Mus musculus. This virus is genetically similar to MNV infecting show mice and previously described variants circulating in laboratory mice. The detection of MNV in wild-mouse populations suggests that MNV infection of laboratory mice and show mice (from which laboratory mice are derived) derives from contact with or their origins from wild-mouse progenitors. The survey additionally identified frequent infection of wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) with genetically divergent variants of MNV. These viruses are distinct from previously described MNV variants, differing by 22-23 % over the complete genome sequence compared with a maximum of 13 % between M. musculus-derived strains. Comparison with other noroviruses reveals that the Apodemus MNV groups with MNV in genogroup V and shares the same overall genome organization, predicted lengths of proteins encoded by ORFs 1-3 and the existence of a conserved alternative reading frame in VP1 encoding a homologue of the MNV ORF4. Different Apodemus MNV isolates were as variable as MNV isolates and showed evidence for inter-isolate recombination. Our observation of species-specific associations of MNV variants in wild populations suggests that murine noroviruses have an ancient origin, a feature that they may share with other norovirus genogroups. INTRODUCTIONMurine norovirus (MNV) was first identified in laboratory mice deficient in both the recombination-activating gene 2 (RAG2) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 gene (STAT1) (Karst et al., 2003). MNV infection appears to be widespread in laboratory mice, with serological evidence of infection found in 6-26 % of sera (Hsu et al., 2005;Kim et al., 2011) and PCR-positive results obtained in 23 % of samples (6-100 % in different facilities; Kim et al., 2010). MNV has been identified in a wide variety of inbred and transgenic mouse strains from laboratories across the world.The origin of MNV in laboratory mouse strains is unknown. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome sequences of 26 MNV variants suggests that MNV comprises a single group (genogroup V) of viruses that are more than 87 % identical to each other (Thackray et al., 2007). However, genetic subgroupings of MNV variants are associated with the animal facility of origin rather than country or mouse strain (Thackray et al., 2007;Kim et al., 2010;Barron et al., 2011). This could reflect sampling of MNV diversity present in the progenitors of modern laboratory mice, or the repeated introduction of MNV virus variants from unknown local hosts (Barron et al., 2011). Serological evidence for MNV infection has been reported for two of 31 wild mice trapped in Pennsylvania, USA (Parker et al., 2009), but no nucleotide sequence information is available to confirm the identity of these isolates.A zoonotic relationship between mice and humans for MNV is unlikely as there are no reports of MNV in humans. Zoonotic relationships for ot...

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“…The interspecies transmission of several other viral agents between different primate species is well documented, including Cercopithecine herpesvirus I, herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, measles virus, hepatitis A and C viruses, and the Ebola viruses. The zoonotic transmission of several animal CVs, including NoVs that are genetically closely related to human NoVs (e.g., genogroup 2 [G2] swine and G3 bovine NoVs) has been suggested previously (9), but even with decades of worldwide surveillance of human NoV infections, the detection of swine or bovine NoVs in human samples has not yet been reported. On the other hand, human NoVs can replicate in gnotobiotic pigs, which indicates the possibility of the emergence of swine-human recombinant NoVs or that swine could serve as reservoir for human NoVs.…”

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confidence: 99%