Zooming in on the Human–Mouse Comparative Map: Genome Conservation Re-examined on a High-Resolution Scale

Carver, Ethan A.; Stubbs, Lisa

doi:10.1101/gr.7.12.1123

Cited by 117 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Notwithstanding the high degree of conservation, the rearranged order of genes on the X chromosome suggests intrachromosomal rearrangements (Nadeau 1989;Farr and Goodfellow 1992). Recent studies showing over eight conserved Xchromosomal regions being rearranged between human and mouse (Blair et al 1994;Carver and Stubbs 1997), and an additional nine just within the distal 12 Mb of HSAXp22.3 (Blaschke and Rappold 1997), indicate a much more complex sequence of events leading to the divergent organization of the X chromosomes of these two species.…”

Section: Conservation Of Whole Chromosome Syntenymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Patterns of Comparative Genome Organization in Some Mammalian Species as Revealed by Zoo-FISH

Chowdhary¹,

Raudsepp²,

Frönicke³

et al. 1998

Genome Res.

211

143

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Although gene maps for a variety of evolutionarily diverged mammalian species have expanded rapidly during the past few years, until recently it has been difficult to precisely define chromosomal segments that are homologous between species. A solution to this problem has come from the development of Zoo-FISH, also known as cross-species chromosome painting. The use of Zoo-FISH to identify regions of chromosomal homology has allowed the transfer of information from map-rich species such as human and mouse to a wide variety of other species. From a Zoo-FISH analysis spanning four mammalian orders (Primates, Artiodactyla, Carnivora, and Perissodactyla), and involving eight species (human, pig, cattle, Indian muntjac, cat, American mink, harbor seal, and horse), three distinct classes of synteny conservation have been designated: (1) conservation of whole chromosome synteny, (2) conservation of large chromosomal blocks, and (3) conservation of neighboring segment combinations. This analysis has also made it possible to identify a set of chromosome segments (based on human chromosome equivalents) that probably made up the karyotype of the common ancestor of the four orders. This approach provides a basis for developing a picture of the ancestral mammalian karyotype, but a full understanding will depend on studies encompassing more diverse combinations of mammalian orders.

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Section: Conservation Of Whole Chromosome Syntenymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Patterns of Comparative Genome Organization in Some Mammalian Species as Revealed by Zoo-FISH

Chowdhary¹,

Raudsepp²,

Frönicke³

et al. 1998

Genome Res.

211

143

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“…In bacteria, long strings of genes show conserved order and orientation between closely related species or strains, so that most rearrangements involve large pieces of DNA (1)(2)(3)(4). Comparative genetic mapping in vertebrates and plants has shown that large syntenic regions are conserved, with breakpoints corresponding to interchromosomal translocations (5,6). More detailed mapping of some of these syntenic regions, however, has revealed several examples where the local gene order is not conserved (7)(8)(9)(10)(11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of small inversions in yeast gene order evolution

Seoighe

Federspiel

Jones

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

137

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Gene order evolution in two eukaryotes was studied by comparing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome sequence to extensive new data from whole-genome shotgun and cosmid sequencing of Candida albicans. Gene order is substantially different between these two yeasts, with only 9% of gene pairs that are adjacent in one species being conserved as adjacent in the other. Inversion of small segments of DNA, less than 10 genes long, has been a major cause of rearrangement, which means that even where a pair of genes has been conserved as adjacent, the transcriptional orientations of the two genes relative to one another are often different. We estimate that about 1,100 single-gene inversions have occurred since the divergence between these species. Other genes that are adjacent in one species are in the same neighborhood in the other, but their precise arrangement has been disrupted, probably by multiple successive multigene inversions. We estimate that gene adjacencies have been broken as frequently by local rearrangements as by chromosomal translocations or long-distance transpositions. A bias toward small inversions has been suggested by other studies on animals and plants and may be general among eukaryotes.

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“…Whereas both chromosome painting and somatic cell hybrid mapping represent complementary approaches to define interspecific homologous chromosome segments, neither addresses the problem of gene order within conserved syntenies. In-deed, the human/mouse comparison has demonstrated an unsuspected level of internal rearrangements in several occurrences (Carver and Stubbs 1997). Similarly, a few alterations in gene order have been described between ruminants and humans (see Barendse et al 1997;Sun et al 1997;Yang et al 1998), but data are very scarce at the wholegenome scale.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Gene Mapping: A Fine-Scale Survey of Chromosome Rearrangements between Ruminants and Humans

Schibler¹,

Vaiman²,

Oustry³

et al. 1998

Genome Res.

159

132

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A total of 202 genes were cytogenetically mapped to goat chromosomes, multiplying by five the total number of regional gene localizations in domestic ruminants (255). This map encompasses 249 and 173 common anchor loci regularly spaced along human and murine chromosomes, respectively, which makes it possible to perform a genome-wide comparison between three mammalian orders. Twice as many rearrangements as revealed by ZOO-FISH were observed. The average size of conserved fragments could be estimated at 27 and 8 cm with humans and mice, respectively. The position of evolutionary breakpoints often correspond with human chromosome sites known to be vulnerable to rearrangement in neoplasia. Furthermore, 75 microsatellite markers, 30 of which were isolated from gene-containing bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs), were added to the previous goat genetic map, achieving 88% genome coverage. Finally, 124 microsatellites were cytogenetically mapped, which made it possible to physically anchor and orient all the linkage groups. We believe that this comprehensive map will speed up positional cloning projects in domestic ruminants and clarify some aspects of mammalian chromosomal evolution.[The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank data library under accession nos. G40978–G41020,AF083170–AF083184, AF088286, AF08287, AF083401–AF083406, AF082884, and AF082885.]

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Zooming in on the Human–Mouse Comparative Map: Genome Conservation Re-examined on a High-Resolution Scale

Cited by 117 publications

References 74 publications

Emerging Patterns of Comparative Genome Organization in Some Mammalian Species as Revealed by Zoo-FISH

Emerging Patterns of Comparative Genome Organization in Some Mammalian Species as Revealed by Zoo-FISH

Prevalence of small inversions in yeast gene order evolution

Comparative Gene Mapping: A Fine-Scale Survey of Chromosome Rearrangements between Ruminants and Humans

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