Zooceuticals and Cosmetic Ingredients Derived from Animals

Abstract

Many substances derived from animals are used as ingredients in the cosmetic industry and constitute a particular type of product: zooceuticals. The main ingredients used can come from insects, such as snail slime; land animals, such as lanolin; and marine animals, such as marine collagen. Today, they are used less than in the past for hygienic–sanitary, ethical, and ecological reasons. Moreover, some can give rise to irritative or allergic dermatitis. However, they still represent a fraction of the common ingredients in certain types of cosmetic products today.

Snail Slime Extracted by a Cruelty Free Method Preserves Viability and Controls Inflammation Occurrence: A Focus on Fibroblasts

“…Moreover, SS has been described as an essential element to enrich gelatin-based films designed for skin drug delivery systems, thanks to the optimal adhesion and film flexibility [ 4 ]. Recently, SS has gained popularity for its cosmetic and skincare properties, such as antiaging, skin regeneration, acne control, hydrating effects, and many others, due to several antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pro-regenerating components including allantoin, glycolic acid, elastin, collagen, vitamins, and mucin-like glycoprotein complexes, which exert sun-protecting, exfoliating, and many other beneficial effects [ 5 ]. The composition of SS depends on different factors, such as the snail species, feeding and behavior of the animals and, most importantly, the extraction method [ 4 ].…”

Thermal stabilization of polyvinyl chloride by calcium and zinc carboxylates derived from byproduct of palm oil refining

“…The calcium and zinc carboxylates, henceforth, are called calcium palmate (Ca-Palmate) and zinc palmate (Zn-Palmate), respectively, as they are made from palm-based fatty acids. This is analogous to the use of potassium tallate for potassium carboxylate made from tall oil fatty acid ( Burnett, 2018 ) and sodium tallawate for tallow-based sodium carboxylate ( Coiffard and Couteau, 2020 ; Cristiano and Guagni, 2022 ). The Ca- and Zn-Palmates were then characterized and their stabilizing effects on the thermal degradation of PVC were tested.…”

Chitosan/snail slime films as multifunctional platforms for potential biomedical and cosmetic applications: physical and chemical characterization

“…This observation was in line with the fact that snails secrete slime as a defense mechanism against several mechanical stresses to which these animals are exposed when moving on certain surfaces having more or less marked roughness. 36 Snail mucus contains a combination of natural ingredients beneficial for human skin, including allantoin and glycolic acid. 36 Interestingly, SS has been recently used also for the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles which, when functionalized with the main components of SS, retained the antioxidant and wound healing features of SS, as demonstrated when performing the in vitro experiments.…”

“…36 Snail mucus contains a combination of natural ingredients beneficial for human skin, including allantoin and glycolic acid. 36 Interestingly, SS has been recently used also for the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles which, when functionalized with the main components of SS, retained the antioxidant and wound healing features of SS, as demonstrated when performing the in vitro experiments. 2,37 However, to our knowledge, despite the SS's huge use in commercial products (such as cosmetics and pharmaceutics), the number of articles in the available literature 38–43 is still low.…”