Zone Tool: Improving Self-Care and Self-Efficacy among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) mortality has increased in Egypt; consequently, comprehensive health education is necessitated. This study aimed to: develop and employ, then, evaluate the developed zone tool as a health education strategy on CKD patients' self-care management and self-efficacy levels. A methodological design was implemented. Two hundred patients with CKD were randomly assigned as an assessment group, then, by systematic random sampling; 30% of them, were recruited as an experimental group. Three tools were used for data collection: Tool one: Patient's sociodemographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire, Tool two: CKD Self-Management Instrument, and Tool three: Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease Six-Item Scale. Results for the assessment group showed an obvious low level in self-care management and self-efficacy perceptions. After using the developed zone tool among the experimental group; the findings revealed little improvement in clinical characteristic's values, and considerable improvement in self-care management and self-efficacy perception levels within 1st, 2nd, to 3rd assessments. Conclusion: the developed zone tool is a crucial educational approach to improve CKD patient's self-care management, and self-efficacy perception levels. Recommendations and further studies: interdisciplinary involvement should be integrated into developing comprehensive and valid CKD health education materials. Evaluation of health education' compliance among CKD patients is a required study.

Effect of Instructions by Zone Tool on Self- Care and Quality of Life among Patients with Congestive Heart Failure.

“…effectively and autonomously with their disease features when the nurse or the doctor are not present. (Besely et al, 2018;Fathi et al, 2020) Self-care is a group of actions that allow the client to maintain his\her health condition by following the therapeutic regimen, adhering to the healthcare instructions, and controlling the illness' signs and symptoms of the illness. When the disease features are taking place, the patients necessitated taking many important health related decisions, mainly, in relation to self-care management.…”

“…In other evidence, it includes 3 basic behaviors; self-care management, selfconfidence, and autonomous self-decisions (ElGerges 2020; Fathi et al, 2020) Health literacy with disease process and its management is the core role of the patients to effectively achieve fit self-care management. Patients should have enough knowledge, skills and values regarding the disease and own self-care.…”

“…Moreover, it directs to decrease the incidence and prevalence of morbidity and mortality, lessen of hospital and health facility cost, rise patient's satisfaction, and empower the level of their quality of life (QOL), particularly during chronic illnesses like kidney or heart disease. (Driscoll et al, 2009;Fathi et al, 2020;Keif et al, 2016) Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a prevalent and chronic health-condition in Egypt which needs an expensive healthcost and leads to patients' inability to achieve their roles in the community. As well, it is a serious health problem that faced the healthcare workforce all over the world and can cause death among 18% of those who have such chronic disease.…”

“…Health education is the main method to empower CHF patients to stabilize, improve, modify, and manage their health status. (Ahmad et al 2017;Marques et al, 2017;Fathi et al, 2020;Stewart et al, 2018 Health education is a vital need for CHF patients, which is a great responsibility of the nurse and considers a foundation of nursing activities. There are numerous health education utilities to aid the nurse and the patients in evaluating, adjusting, encouraging, instructing, managing, reinforcing, and altering unhealthy behaviors to healthy ones.…”

“…One of the health education and self-care management tools is the zone tool, which is a crucial support for patients with chronic diseases. (Walker 2011;Bodenheimer, 2021;Fathi et al, 2020) Zone tool is one of the instructional tools in health education field. It is mostly used by the health educators to improve patients' health literacy, self-efficacy, selfawareness, and self-care management with chronic disease.…”