Zombie bugs? The fungus Purpureocillium cf. lilacinum may manipulate the behavior of its host bug Edessa rufomarginata

Eberhard, William G.; Pacheco-Esquivel, Jessica; Carrasco-Rueda, Farah; Christopher, Yuliana; González, Cely T.; Ramos, Daniel; Urbina, Héctor; Blackwell, Meredith

doi:10.3852/13-264

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…lilacinum infected Edessa rufomarginata (hemiptera, pentotomidae) and formed synnemata. 36 The total genomic DNA was isolated from the cell body of the strain 40-H-28 grown on potato dextrose agar (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Sparks, MD, USA) at 25 °C. The ITS-5.8S gene sequence of strain 40-H-28 was found to be 100% identical to the registered sequences of P. lilacinum found in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leucinostatin Y: A Peptaibiotic Produced by the Entomoparasitic Fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum 40-H-28

et al. 2019

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Leucinostatin Y, a new peptaibiotic, was isolated from the culture broth of the entomoparasitic fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum 40-H-28. The planar structure was elucidated by detailed analysis of its NMR and MS/MS data. The absolute configurations of the amino acids were partially determined by an advanced Marfey’s method. The biological activities of leucinostatin Y were assessed using human pancreatic cancer cells, revealing the importance of the C-terminus of leucinostatins for preferential cytotoxicity to cancer cells under glucose-deprived conditions and inhibition of mitochondrial function.

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Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ebehard et al showed that P. cf. lilacinum infected Edessa rufomarginata (hemiptera, pentotomidae) and formed synnemata . The total genomic DNA was isolated from the cell body of the strain 40-H-28 grown on potato dextrose agar (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Sparks, MD, USA) at 25 °C.…”

Section: Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leucinostatin Y: A Peptaibiotic Produced by the Entomoparasitic Fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum 40-H-28

et al. 2019

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“…The fungus emerged from membranes between segments when this bug died over the stems of their Solanum sp host. 42 This fungus is one of the most widely used biological control agents and is accepted as a ‘green’ pesticide and commonly used in agriculture, commercialised for use in the plant industry (eg to control stem rot of poinsettia flowers) and at home gardening 3 . The correlation between fungal biocontrol potential in agriculture and opportunistic human pathogens has been addressed by Zajc et al, 43 with different fungi (cosmopolitans, mesophilic and extremophiles): Meyerozyma guilliermondii , Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Exophiala dermatitidis , Aureobasidium pullulans , etc Due to their pathogenic potential, these kinds of fungi could represent a risk not only for humans but for many other species, if they are dispersed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phenomenon has been documented by Thanabalasuria et al, 51 where an initial localised keratitis became a nervous system infection. However, in our study, more experiments need to be conducted to elucidate the virulence capacity of the fungus to excrete lytic enzymes that allow it to colonise deeper tissues as some species could turn insects in ‘zombie bugs’ 42 . The genus Purpureocillium has been described with more records in human infections in the recent years 19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purpureocillium roseum sp. nov. A new ocular pathogen for humans and mice resistant to antifungals

Calvillo‐Medina

Ponce-Angulo

Raymundo

et al. 2020

Mycoses

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BackgroundInfectious keratitis is the main cause of preventable blindness worldwide, with about 1.5–2.0 million new cases occurring per year. This inflammatory response may be due to infections caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites. Fungal keratitis is a poorly studied health problem.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify a new fungal species by molecular methods and to explore the possible efficacy of the three most common antifungals used in human keratitis in Mexico by performing in vitro analysis. The capacity of this pathogen to cause corneal infection in a murine model was also evaluated.MethodsThe fungal strain was isolated from a patient with a corneal ulcer. To identify the fungus, taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses (nrDNA ITS and LSU data set) were performed. An antifungal susceptibility assay for amphotericin B, itraconazole and voriconazole was carried out. The fungal isolate was used to develop a keratitis model in BALB/c mice; entire eyes and ocular tissues were preserved and processed for histopathologic examination.Results and conclusionThis fungal genus has hitherto not been reported with human keratitis in Mexico. We described a new species Purpurecillium roseum isolated from corneal infection. P roseum showed resistance to amphotericin B and itraconazole and was sensitive to voriconazole. In vivo study demonstrated that P roseum had capacity to developed corneal infection and to penetrate deeper corneal tissue. The global change in fungal infections has emphasised the need to develop better diagnostic mycology laboratories and to recognise the group of potential fungal pathogens.

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“…Among them, Purpureocillium, which also belongs to the Ophiocordycipitaceae family [27], was detected in unfertilized egg samples from the Chinese cordyceps group, providing the possibility of maternal infection and enlarging the knowledge on the infection mechanism [23]. In addition, Purpureocillium was supposed to manipulate the behaviors of its host insect Edessa rufomarginata [28]. This interesting phenomenon bears a striking resemblance to the infected Thitarodes larvae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Co-Occurrence Patterns of microbial Communities in the Fertilized Eggs of Thitarodes Insect, the Implication on the Occurrence of Chinese cordyceps

Guo

Liu

Mai

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The large-scale artificial cultivation of Chinese cordyceps has not been widely implemented because the crucial factors triggering the occurrence of Chinese cordyceps have not been fully illuminated. Methods In this study, the bacterial and fungal structure of fertilized eggs in the host Thitarodes collected from 3 sampling sites with different occurrence rates of Chinese cordyceps (Sites A, B and C: high, low and null Chinese cordyceps, respectively) were analyzed by performing 16S RNA and ITS sequencing, respectively. And the intra-kingdom and inter-kingdom network were analyzed. Results For bacterial community, totally 4671 bacterial OTUs were obtained. α-diversity analysis revealed that the evenness of the eggs from site A was significantly higher than that of sites B and C, and the dominance index of site A was significantly lower than that of sites B and C ( P < 0.05). β-diversity analysis showed that the differences of bacterial community among the eggs from the three sampling sites were significantly different. OTU1 ( Wolbachia ) was the overwhelming predominant bacteria in the eggs from sites B and C. Although OTU4 ( Spiroplasma ) was detected in minor abundances, it showed distribution preference in the fertilized eggs from site A. For fungal community, totally 3318 fungal OTUs were obtained. Difference analysis showed significant differences among the three sites, while the differences were not as significant as that of bacterial community. In addition, ten fungal genera in the three most concerned Cordyceps families (Clavicipitaceae, Cordycipitaceae and Ophiocordycipitaceae) were detected in the fertilized eggs, while the most approved anamorph ( Hirsutella ) of Chinese cordyceps wasn’t discovered. Intra-kingdom (fungi) network analysis revealed more positive correlations and average degrees at sites A, and Inter-kingdom network analysis revealed more positive and negative correlations at sites A. Discussion The microbial community, especially the bacterial community in the fertilized eggs, might be significantly related with the occurrence of Chinese cordyceps, and Wolbachia might be the most significant microorganism negatively related with the occurrence. A closer correlation of the microbial community, especially closer fungal positive correlation, in the fertilized eggs might help for the occurrence of Chinese cordyceps.

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Zombie bugs? The fungus Purpureocillium cf. lilacinum may manipulate the behavior of its host bug Edessa rufomarginata

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Leucinostatin Y: A Peptaibiotic Produced by the Entomoparasitic Fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum 40-H-28

Leucinostatin Y: A Peptaibiotic Produced by the Entomoparasitic Fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum 40-H-28

Purpureocillium roseum sp. nov. A new ocular pathogen for humans and mice resistant to antifungals

Diversity and Co-Occurrence Patterns of microbial Communities in the Fertilized Eggs of Thitarodes Insect, the Implication on the Occurrence of Chinese cordyceps

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