Zoledronic acid and alendronate sodium and the implications in orthodontic movement

Abstract

Alendronate sodium and zoledronic acid have similar effects on the periodontal tissue during orthodontic treatment in rats. Especially, zoledronic acid can affect orthodontic tooth movement.

Microtomographic analysis of the effect of sodium alendronate on orthodontic movement in rats

“…These results corroborate a previous study by Karras et al, 9 who reported significantly lower OTM in the group treated with 7 mg/kg Sodium Alendronate by gavage for 5 weeks. In the studies by Salazar et al 10 and Franzoni et al, 11 reduced OTM was observed in the groups treated with Sodium Alendronate at lower doses of 1 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively. However, both studies used subcutaneous route of administration, which may have favoured the action of the drug at lower dosages.…”

“…The force used for OTM in rats ranged from 10 to 100 gF in the literature, 7,9‐12,21,26 denoting a lack of standardization among the studies regarding the ideal intensity. One study reported that a force of 10‐50 gF promoted greater movement, while excessive forces led to a decrease in the amount of OTM 27 .…”

“…This experimental model has been frequently used in the study of OTM in rat molars (Rattus norvegicus), [10][11][12][13]21 considering the easy installation of the device in these animals, possibility of evaluating the biological processes during tooth movement and the interactions with various drugs. 22 Weight gain in the animals at the end of the experiment corroborates previous studies.…”

“…7,8 However, bisphosphonates inhibit the formation of osteoclasts, thereby greatly reducing bone resorption and tooth movement. 9 Studies have reported lower orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in rats treated with different doses of Sodium Alendronate 10,11 and other bisphosphonates. 7,[9][10][11][12][13] However, the methods used in these studies, such as macroscopic and histological analyses, are less sensitive and restricted to the site of investigation.…”

Influence of bisphosphonates at orthodontic movement

“…Depending on the category of patient's risk (dose, route and duration of treatment with bisphosphonates), elective surgeries, dental extractions, surgery involving bone such as placing minis crews should be avoided, in addition to infections of dental and periodontal origin. 10,[15][16][17][18] If necessary the performance of invasive procedures, the physician should be consulted and the patient should be referred to a dental surgeon with experience in the area. 9 The use of bisphosphonates is not an absolute contraindication for the orthodontic treatment, especially for low-risk patients.…”