ZNS-aktive Phenylpropylamine vonCatha edulis FORSK. (Celastraceae) kenyanischer Herkunft

Schorno, X.; Steinegger, E

doi:10.1007/bf01960324

Cited by 77 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The three main alkaloids present in khat leaves are the cathines, (À)-S-cathinone (S-a-aminopropriophenone), norpseudoephedrine (cathine) and norephedrine (Szendrei, 1975a(Szendrei, , 1975bSchorno and Steinegger, 1979), which are phenylpropylamines structurally related to amphetamine and noradrenaline (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Constituents Of the Khat Leafmentioning

confidence: 98%

Khat: pharmacological and medical aspects and its social use in Yemen

Al‐Motarreb

Baker

Broadley

2002

Phytotherapy Research

285

251

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Fresh leaves of the khat tree (Catha edulis Forsk.) are chewed for their euphoric properties in East Africa and parts of the Middle East, such as The Yemen. This review describes the history, cultivation and constituents of khat, and the social aspects of khat chewing in Yemen. The major pharmacologically active constituent of the fresh leaves is (--)-S-cathinone. The pharmacology of (--)-S-cathinone in the central nervous system and the peripheral effects are described. (--)-S-Cathinone is regarded as an amphetamine-like sympathomimetic amine and this mechanism of action is discussed in relation to the central stimulant actions and the cardiovascular effects of increasing blood pressure and heart rate. The risk factors associated with khat chewing are described, with emphasis on the reported increased incidence of acute myocardial infarction.

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Section: Constituents Of the Khat Leafmentioning

confidence: 98%

Khat: pharmacological and medical aspects and its social use in Yemen

Al‐Motarreb

Baker

Broadley

2002

Phytotherapy Research

285

251

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“…Refrigeration or freezing has become a common protocol for scientific studies and forensic analyses [16,18]. Refrigeration slows both the conversion to cathine, as well as decomposition of the plant, and may allow cathinone to be detected for several weeks [22].…”

Section: Preservation Of Cathinone In Khatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequent quantitative studies concluded that the biosynthetic pathway for the growing plant is to produce cathinone in the rapidly growing plant tissues, and to reduce cathinone to cathine via an enzymatic process in the mature parts of the plant [1,2]. The young shoots and tender leaves are consequently prized by khat consumers, as they contain the highest concentration of cathinone [1,18,19]. The conversion to cathine also occurs in the young shoots after harvesting, and was originally believed to occur rapidly upon drying and continue upon storage [1][2][3].…”

Section: Cathinone Stability In Dried Khatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathinone preservation in khat evidence via drying

Chappell

Lee

2010

Forensic Science International

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“…6,7 Cathinone is structurally similar to amphet-amine 8 and functionally similar to amphetamine, cocaine, and sibutramine, the diet medication recently withdrawn from the market (Figure 1). Like ecstasy and amphetamine, cathinone exerts pronounced behavioral effects of euphoria, hyperactivity, and restlessness.…”

Section: Clinical Perspective On P 2689mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Coronary Syndrome and Khat Herbal Amphetamine Use

Ali

Habib²,

Al‐Motarreb³

et al. 2011

Circulation

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Background— The khat plant is a stimulant similar to amphetamine and is thought to induce coronary artery spasm. Khat is widely chewed by individuals originating from the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcome of khat chewers presenting with acute coronary syndrome. Methods and Results— From October 1, 2008, through June, 30, 2009, 7399 consecutive patients with acute coronary syndrome were enrolled in the Second Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events (Gulf RACE-2). Nineteen percent of patients were khat chewers; 81% were not. Khat chewers were older, more often male, and less likely to have cardiovascular risk factors. Khat chewers were less likely to have a history of coronary artery disease and more likely to present late and to have higher heart rate and advanced Killip class on admission. Khat chewers were more likely to present with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. Overall, khat chewers had higher risk of death, recurrent myocardial ischemia, cardiogenic shock, ventricular arrhythmia, and stroke compared with non–khat chewers. After adjustment for baseline variability, khat chewing was found to be an independent risk factor of death and for recurrent ischemia, heart failure, and stroke. Conclusions— Our data confirm earlier observations of worse in-hospital outcome among acute coronary syndrome patients who chew khat. This worse outcome persists up to 1 year from the index event. This observational report underscores the importance of improving education concerning the cardiovascular risks of khat chewing.

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ZNS-aktive Phenylpropylamine vonCatha edulis FORSK. (Celastraceae) kenyanischer Herkunft

Cited by 77 publications

References 5 publications

Khat: pharmacological and medical aspects and its social use in Yemen

Khat: pharmacological and medical aspects and its social use in Yemen

Cathinone preservation in khat evidence via drying

Acute Coronary Syndrome and Khat Herbal Amphetamine Use

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