ZnO hierarchical nanostructures and application on high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells

Fu, Yen−Pei; Sun, Jing; Xie, Yang; Liu, Jim; Wang, Hongli; Du, Xi‐Wen

doi:10.1016/j.mseb.2009.11.023

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…In this regard, studies on nanotubes [455,456], nanoparticle/nanowire composites [453,[457][458][459][460], hierarchical [199,461] structures [209,[462][463][464], and different growth parameters [465] have been shown to give several-fold increases in efficiency (Fig. 56(b)).…”

Section: Reproduced With Permissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-dimensional ZnO nanostructures: Solution growth and functional properties

2011

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One-dimensional (1D) ZnO nanostructures have been studied intensively and extensively over the last decade not only for their remarkable chemical and physical properties, but also for their current and future diverse technological applications. This article gives a comprehensive overview of the progress that has been made within the context of 1D ZnO nanostructures synthesized via wet chemical methods. We will cover the synthetic methodologies and corresponding growth mechanisms, different structures, doping and alloying, positioncontrolled growth on substrates, and finally, their functional properties as catalysts, hydrophobic surfaces, sensors, and in nanoelectronic, optical, optoelectronic, and energy harvesting devices.

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Section: Reproduced With Permissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-dimensional ZnO nanostructures: Solution growth and functional properties

2011

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“…At the initial process, HMT decomposed to produce hydroxyl ions, and, in later stages, HMT serves as the non‐polar chelating agent that retards the radial growth of the nanorods. Therefore, diameter maintained after 12 h and increased slightly to 250 nm after prolong hydrothermal exposure of 24 h. Therefore, the increment in length of the nanorods with longer hydrothermal exposure provides higher adsorption surface area and offers a better and more effective pathway for the electron transportation throughout the photoelectrode . The conversion efficiency of the DSSC can be improved by controlling the length of the ZnO nanorods that serve as the photo electrode .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ZnO can be prepared in nanostructures with varying dimensions and shapes. These unique properties allow it to be used as a photocatalyst and DSSCs . Vast advantages of DSSC such as low fabrication cost and good efficiency have prompted many researches in this category.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced dye-sensitized solar cells performance of ZnO nanorod arrays grown by low-temperature hydrothermal reaction

Tan

Lockman

Razak

et al. 2013

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARY Well‐aligned zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays were formed on indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass substrates via a low‐temperature hydrothermal growth of a sol–gel‐derived seed layer. The seed layer was heat treated at 300 °C for 10 min prior to the hydrothermal growth using optimized conditions from our previous work to form well‐aligned ZnO nanorod arrays. Hydrothermal growth time was varied for 4, 8, 12 and 24 h. Flat‐top hexagonal ZnO nanorod arrays were obtained, and the length of the ZnO nanorods formed increased from approximately 150 nm after 4 h to approximately 2 µm after 24 h using a single reactive bath. X‐ray diffraction patterns showed predominant ZnO peak at (002) plane for all the samples. Photoluminescence spectra of the ZnO nanorod arrays showed peaks at ultra‐violet and green region, which indicated good crystalline crystal formation containing oxygen‐related defects. Raman scattering results obtained showed strong band at 438 cm−1 that correlated to E2 non‐polar hexagonal wurtzite phase. Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSC) based on the well‐aligned ZnO nanorod arrays were fabricated. The maximum conversion efficiency of 0.22% was achieved for the nanorods formed after a prolonged hydrothermal time of 24 h. The conversion efficiency of the DSSC increased with hydrothermal exposure time as longer ZnO nanorods provided larger surface for dye adsorption to generate more electrons. Improved crystallinity of the ZnO nanorods provided at prolonged hydrothermal time also contributed to the higher conversion efficiency as the electron transportation was enhanced. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Up to now,v arious hierarchical structures based on ZnO NRs have been fabricated, such as the ZnO NRs/NPs, [12,13] the ZnO NRs/NRs, [14][15][16][17] andt he ZnO NRs/NSs, [18] and the purpose of fabricating the hierarchically structured film based on ZnO NRs is to retain the rapid electron transport property of the ZnO NRs while ensuringar elatively large specific surface area to increase the absorption of dye.T he hierarchically structured films of ZnO NRs/NRs still have a relatively small specific surface area and only absorb small amountso fd ye,r esulting in ar elatively low PCE of the cells. Forh ierarchically structured films of ZnO NRs/NPs,t he 3D ZnO NPs have ar elatively large specific area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Efficiency Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Based on a ZnO Nanorod/ Nanosheet Hierarchical Structure

et al. 2018

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An aqueous solution of Zn(NO3)2⋅6 H2O‐C6H2N4‐PEI and Zn(NO3)2⋅6 H2O‐CO(NH2)2 is used as the raw materials to fabricate hierarchically structured films of ZnO nanorods/nanosheets (ZnO NRs/NSs) via a two‐step hydrothermal synthesis. The films of ZnO NRs/NSs are then applied as photoanodes for application in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The current density–voltage curves and the incident monochromatic photon‐to‐electron conversion efficiency of DSSCs are measured. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, intensity modulated photovoltage spectroscopy, and intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy, the conditions of the internal electron transport and transfer of ZnO‐based DSSCs are tested and analyzed. The results indicate that the ZnO NRs/NSs photoanodes have properties of rapid electron transport and high electron collection efficiency and show a relatively large amount of dye absorption. Therefore, for DSSCs based on ZnO NRs/NSs with liquid electrolyte, the short‐circuit current density (Jsc), open‐circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), and photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) are 11.82 mA cm−2, 0.66 V, 0.58, and 4.59 %, respectively. The PCE of the DSSCs is improved by 178.18 % compared to that of pure ZnO NRs cells (1.65 %) and is improved by 21.42 % with respect to pure ZnO NSs cells (3.78 %).

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ZnO hierarchical nanostructures and application on high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells

Cited by 28 publications

References 37 publications

One-dimensional ZnO nanostructures: Solution growth and functional properties

One-dimensional ZnO nanostructures: Solution growth and functional properties

Enhanced dye-sensitized solar cells performance of ZnO nanorod arrays grown by low-temperature hydrothermal reaction

High‐Efficiency Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Based on a ZnO Nanorod/ Nanosheet Hierarchical Structure

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