ZnO as a Functional Material, a Review

Borysiewicz, M.

doi:10.3390/cryst9100505

Cited by 289 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 212 publications

(242 reference statements)

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“…The real challenge with ZnO is the realization of the homojunction, particularly, the p-type ZnO is difficult to obtain in a well reproducible and low-cost way [9]. On the other hand, heterojunctions have been realized using various p-type materials such as Si [10], GaN [11], AlGaN [12], SrCu 2 O 2 [13], NiO [14], ZnTe [15], Cu 2 O [16], SiC [17], ZnRh 2 O 4 [18], and GaAs [19][20][21]. However, the stability issue remains the main reason that has hampered the development of these devices.…”

Section: Session 1: the Electroluminescent Pumping Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Crystalline Materials for Solid State Lighting Applications: Beyond the Rare Earth Elements

Ricci

2020

Crystals

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In everyday life, we are continually exposed to different lighting systems, from the home interior to car lights and from public lighting to displays. The basic emission principles on which they are based range from the old incandescent lamps to the well-established compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) and to the more modern Light Emitting Diode (LEDs) that are dominating the actual market and also promise greater development in the coming years. In the LED technology, the key point is the electroluminescence material, but the fundamental role of proper phosphors is sometimes underestimated even when it is essential for an ideal color rendering. In this review, we analyze the main solid-state techniques for lighting applications, paying attention to the fundamental properties of phosphors to be successfully applied. Currently, the most widely used materials are based on rare-earth elements (REEs) whereas Ce:YAG represents the benchmark for white LEDs. However, there are several drawbacks to the REEs’ supply chain and several concerns from an environmental point of view. We analyze these critical issues and review alternative materials that can overcome their use. New compounds with reduced or totally REE free, quantum dots, metal–organic framework, and organic phosphors will be examined with reference to the current state-of-the-art.

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Section: Session 1: the Electroluminescent Pumping Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Crystalline Materials for Solid State Lighting Applications: Beyond the Rare Earth Elements

Ricci

2020

Crystals

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“…Thin ZnO layers can be applied via several techniques, by: magnetron sputtering, sol-gel method, using a pulse laser deposition (PLD), vapor deposition with the MOCVD organometallic method, using a MBE epitaxial molecular beam and atomic layer deposition (ALD) [ 1 ]. Among the mentioned methods, the ALD technique in particular allows one to obtain very high-quality ZnO layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Properties of ZnO Coatings Obtained by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Method on a Cr-Ni-Mo Steel Substrate Type

et al. 2020

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This paper aimed to investigate the structure and physicochemical and tribological properties of ZnO coatings deposited by ALD on 316L stainless steel for biomedical applications. To obtain ZnO films, diethylzinc (DEZ) and water were used as ALD precursors. Zinc oxide layers were deposited at the same temperature of 200 °C using three types of ALD cycles: 500, 1000 and 1500. The structure and morphology of ZnO coatings were examined using SEM and AFM microscopes. The XRD and GIXRD methods were used for the phase analysis of the obtained coatings. To determine the resistance to pitting corrosion, potentiodynamic investigations and impedance spectroscopy were conducted in a Ringer solution at a temperature of 37 °C. The obtained results showed that the number of ALD cycles had a significant impact on the structure, morphology and corrosion resistance of the ZnO layers. It was found that after increasing the coating thickness of the ZnO on the material, its electrochemical properties determining the corrosion resistance also increased. Moreover, on the basis of the ball-on-plate tribological investigations, we found a significant reduction in the friction coefficient of the samples with the investigated coatings in relation to the noncoated substrates.

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“…Zinc oxide is a semiconductor compound that with its piezo and ferroelectric properties due to its practical and promising potential applications, is increasingly coming to the researchers’ attention [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Special attention is devoted to the generation of structures that are based on nanoelements [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ] (nanofilms, nanofibers, nanowires, nanorods, etc.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arrays Formation of Zinc Oxide Nano-Objects with Varying Morphology for Sensor Applications

Murzin

Kazanskiy

2020

Sensors

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The regularities and features of the formation of arrays of zinc oxide nano-objects with varying morphology are determined by CO2 laser processing with intensification of diffusion processes in the solid state of Cu–Zn metallic materials which are selectively oxidizable. In the process of laser treatment in air using the synergy of heat exposure and vibrations induced by laser with a force fundamental frequency of 100 Hz, the brass surface of samples is oxidized mainly with the generation of ZnO nanowires. The condition for intensification is the local non-stationary deformation caused by sound waves induced by laser. Upon the initiation of the processes of exfoliation of the initially formed layers on the material surface, apart from a disordered structure, a structure was formed in the central region containing two-dimensional objects made of zinc oxide with characteristic thicknesses of 70–100 nm. Such arrays can provide the potential to create a periodic localized electric field applying direct current, this allows the production of electrically switched diffraction gratings with a variable nature of zones. It has been established that during laser pulse-periodic irradiation on brass, the component of the metal alloy, namely, zinc, will oxidize on the surface in the extent that its diffusion to the surface will be ensured. During laser pulse-periodic heating under conditions of the experiment, the diffusion coefficient was 2–3 times higher than from direct heating and exposure to a temperature of 700 °C. The study of the electrical resistance of the created samples by the contact probe method was performed by the four-point probe method. It was determined that the specific electrical resistance at the center of the sample was 30–40% more than at the periphery. To determine the possibility of using the obtained material based on zinc oxide for the creation of sensors, oxygen was adsorbed on the sample in an oxygen–argon mixture, and then the electrical resistance in the central part was measured. It was found that the adsorbed oxygen increases the electrical resistivity of the sample by 70%. The formation of an oxide layer directly from the metal substrate can solve problem of forming an electrical contact between the gas-sensitive oxide layer and this substrate.

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ZnO as a Functional Material, a Review

Cited by 289 publications

References 212 publications

Assessment of Crystalline Materials for Solid State Lighting Applications: Beyond the Rare Earth Elements

Assessment of Crystalline Materials for Solid State Lighting Applications: Beyond the Rare Earth Elements

Structure and Properties of ZnO Coatings Obtained by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Method on a Cr-Ni-Mo Steel Substrate Type

Arrays Formation of Zinc Oxide Nano-Objects with Varying Morphology for Sensor Applications

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