Zn–Ni–Se@NiCo₂S₄ Core–Shell Architectures: A Highly Efficient Positive Electrode for Hybrid Supercapacitors

Abstract

To meet the demand for the prominent electrode materials having a battery-like nature for hybrid supercapacitors, the suitable designs of promising core–shell structures are greatly needed. Herein, hierarchical Zn–Ni–Se@NiCo2S4 nanoarchitectures on the surface of nickel foam (ZNSe@NCS@NF) as a highly efficient cathode electrode are successfully prepared using a hydrothermal and selenization technique for NiZnSe nanowires and an electrodeposition strategy for NiCo2S4 nanosheets. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images demonstrate that the core one-dimensional ZNSe and shell two-dimensional NCS are interconnected to form a three-dimensional hierarchical and porous ZNSe@NCS nanoarchitecture, leading to the efficient and fast transfer/transmission of both electrons and electrolyte ions. In a three-electrode cell, the ZNSe@NCS@NF electrode acquires excellent capacity (393.7 mAh g–1/1417.3 C g–1 at 1 A g–1), considerable rate performance (maintaining 79.25% at 24 A g–1), and an amazing durability (maintaining 95.5% after 10 000 cycles at 24 A g–1), which are superior to the ZNSe@NF electrode. Besides, the sandwiched hybrid device using ZNSe@NCS@NF as an attractive cathode electrode and activated carbon@nickel foam (AC@NF) as an anode electrode represents the notable capacity of 65.42 mAh g–1, desirable rate performance of 69.15% at 24 A g–1, desirable life span (93.3% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles at 18 A g–1), and promising energy density of 52.37 Wh kg–1 at 800.5 W kg–1. The present synthesis protocol offers a meritorious reference for the fabrication of other kinds of metal selenide/sulfide electrode materials with core–shell structures for various applications.

Role of binary metal chalcogenides in extending the limits of energy storage systems: Challenges and possible solutions

“…In addition to carbonaceous templates, BMCs compound composites have also been grown on highly conductive Ni-F. In this context, an extensive effort has been devoted to immobilizing the BMC compound composites on Ni-F [196][197][198][199][200][201][202][203][204]. As a typical example, hierarchical heterostructured Zn-Ni-Se@NiCo 2 -S 4 on the Ni-F surface was developed via two stages (Fig.…”

“…As a typical example, hierarchical heterostructured Zn-Ni-Se@NiCo 2 -S 4 on the Ni-F surface was developed via two stages (Fig. 6k) [199]. Specifically, first Zn-Ni nanowires were fabricated on the Ni-F by a hydrothermal process and then converted into Zn-Ni-Se by a selenization process in accordance with the ion exchange mechanism.…”

“…These compound composite materials provide multiple reactive equivalents, intriguing hetero-interfaces, distinctive ion-permeable bulk microstructure, fast pathways for ion/electrolyte transfer, and appealing synergetic structural/compositional/ componental contributions, resulting in enhanced electrochemical performance. Until now, many electroactive materials including metal oxides (NiO [196], MnO 2 [230], NiMoO 4 [184], NiCoO 2 [193], Ni 3 V 2 O 8 [231], CoMoO 4 [232]), metal hydroxides (Co(OH) 2 [192,199,233], Ni(OH) 2 [188,201,202,234], Ni-Mn LDH [235,236], Ni/Co LDHs [237], FeOOH [230], Co x Ni 1−x -(OH) 2 [230], NiCo 2 (CO 3 ) 1.5 (OH) 3 [238]), metal sulfides (CoS x [239], CoS 2 [183], Co 3 S 4 [240], Co 9 S 8 [181,189,241], MoS 2 [242]), metal selenides (MoSe 2 [27,243], Ni 3 Se 2 [19]), metal phosphides (NiP [198], NiFeP [191]), and polypyrrole [244,245] have been combined with diverse BMCs as high performance electrodes for SCs. Most of these diversified heterostructured BMCs nanoarrays are grown on highly conductive substrates such as Ni-F, graphene, 3D graphene sponge, carbon paper, and CC.…”

“…The all-solid-state asymmetric SC based on FeCo 2 S 4 @Ni(OH) 2 //rGO delivered a maximum energy density of 64 W h kg −1 , a maximum power density of 10.2 kW kg −1 and outstanding cycling performance (92.9% after 10,000 cycles). Moreover, compound composites of two dissimilar BMCs have also been developed as electrode to obtain satisfying capacitive performance [187,194,199,203,204,246,247]. For example, the nanotube-built multitripod arrays of dissimilar BMCs composite (FeCo 2 S 4 -NiCo 2 S 4 ) on a silver-sputtered textile cloth was fabricated [246].…”

Recent Advancements in Energy Storage Based on Sodium Ion and Zinc Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors

“…Due to the high cost of lithium, researchers are looking for decent alternatives such as monovalent cations (Na + , K + ) and multivalent cations (Mg 2+ , Ni 2+ , Zn 2+ ,Ca 2+ , and Al 3+ ). The hybrid supercapacitors come forward as a promising energy storage technology. ,,− The possible implementation of hybrid supercapacitors is restricted due to liquid electrolytes which adversely affect the performance and stability. An organic electrolyte cannot be used in modern electric and electronic devices due to its high flammability and volatility, making it an unsuitable candidate.…”