Zirconium Molybdate Nanocomposites’ Sensing Platform for the Sensitive and Selective Electrochemical Detection of Adefovir

Abstract

Adefovir (ADV) is an anti-retroviral drug, which can be used to treat acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and chronic hepatitis B (CHB), so its quantitative analysis is of great significance. In this work, zirconium molybdate (ZrMo2O8) was synthesized by a wet chemical method, and a composite with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was made. ZrMo2O8-MWCNTs composite was dropped onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to prepare ZrMo2O8-MWCNTs/GCE, and ZrMo2O8-MWCNTs/GCE was used in the electrochemical detection of ADV for the first time. The preparation method is fast and simple. The materials were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). It was electrochemically analysed by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Compared with single-material modified electrodes, ZrMo2O8-MWCNTs/GCE showed a vastly improved electrochemical response to ADV. Moreover, the sensor complements the study of the electrochemical detection of ADV. Under optimal conditions, the proposed electrochemical method showed a wide linear range (from 1 to 100 μM) and a low detection limit (0.253 μM). It was successfully tested in serum and urine. In addition, the sensor has the advantages of a simple preparation, fast response, good reproducibility and repeatability. It may be helpful in the potential applications of other substances with similar structures.

Recent Progress in Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Biosensors

“…Biosensing methods based on electrochemical transduction mechanisms have been reported to be sensitive, selective, rapid, and amenable to miniaturization and experimental convenience [ 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 ]. A variety of strategies aiming at improving the target recognition and signal transduction performance have been developed [ 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 ]. Owing to the features of enzyme-free, LNA-integrated, and toehold-mediated SDR techniques, Gao et al developed a reusable DNA sensor for SNP detection.…”

Construction of a Voltammetric Sensor Based on Niobium Supported on Zirconium Oxide‐Carbon Nanotubes for the Determination of Favipiravir, an Antiviral Drug Used Against Covid‐19

“…[26] Composite modified electrodes with ZrO 2 were successfully applied for the sensitive determination of antiviral drugs such as tenofovir and adefovir. [27,28] Nanoparticles of niobium based voltammetric sensors also exhibited high electrocatalytic activity, good accuracy and high precision in various analytical applications. [29,30] Additionally, composites of CNTs-bimetallic nanoparticles can offer various advantageous such as high sensitivity and lower detection limit owing to the strong synergistic effect between bimetallic nanoparticles and CNTs.…”

“…Among the various metallic nanoparticles, zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) has exhibited promising electroanalytical performances including excellent catalytic activity and leading fast electrode reactions of analytes due to the presence of large number of unsaturated oxygen‐containing functional groups [26] . Composite modified electrodes with ZrO 2 were successfully applied for the sensitive determination of antiviral drugs such as tenofovir and adefovir [27,28] . Nanoparticles of niobium based voltammetric sensors also exhibited high electrocatalytic activity, good accuracy and high precision in various analytical applications [29,30] .…”