Zirconium chelated hybrid phenolic resin with enhanced thermal and ablation resistance properties for thermal insulation composites

In‐situ formation of macromolecule P/N/Si flame retardant for epoxy resin with low smoke toxicity and excellent flame‐retardancy

“…The magnitude of the ratio of D‐band to G‐band ( I D / I G ) reflects the degree of graphitization of the carbon layer. The lower the I D / I G value, the less disorder and defect there is; conversely, the more disorder and defect there is 39,40 . As can be seen in Figure 9, the I D : I G value of EP/7‐KDC is 0.82 less than that of neat EP, which indicates the enhanced graphitization of the carbon 41 .…”

“…The lower the I D /I G value, the less disorder and defect there is; conversely, the more disorder and defect there is. 39,40 As can be seen in Figure 9, the I D :I G value of EP/7-KDC is 0.82 less than that of neat EP, which indicates the enhanced graphitization of the carbon. 41 This is because KDC has the property of catalytic carbonization, which makes it form a tight block layer of carbon during thermal decomposition and evaporation, and thus has good flame retardancy.…”

Synthesis of solid reactive organophosphorus‐nitrogen flame retardant and its application in epoxy resin

“…This is because both BDP and 4N‐BDP decompose to produce phosphoric acid derivatives to participate in the process of carbon formation, making the decomposed materials rich in PO (575 kJ/mol) and PO (582 kJ/mol) bonds. Compared with CC (358 kJ/mol) and CO (384 kJ/mol) in pure EP, the bond energy of PO and PO is higher, and the energy required for fracture is more, so the decomposition rate of flame retardant EP composites is slower 37–41 . It is worth noting that the decomposition rate of 4N‐BDP flame retardant EP composites is significantly lower than that of BDP series, which is due to the lower decomposition rate of 4N‐BDP than BDP itself.…”

“…Compared with C C (358 kJ/mol) and C O (384 kJ/ mol) in pure EP, the bond energy of P O and P O is higher, and the energy required for fracture is more, so the decomposition rate of flame retardant EP composites is slower. [37][38][39][40][41] It is worth noting that the decomposition rate of 4N-BDP flame retardant EP composites is significantly lower than that of BDP series, which is due to the lower decomposition rate of 4N-BDP than BDP itself. This can also be seen from the residual carbon amount of the composites in Table 4.…”

Novel functionalized isocyanate groups polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes/epoxy composites with advanced thermal and moisture resistance properties

“…Additionally, as MP loadings increased, the amount of residue assessed by TGA rose as well. On the one hand, the cross-linking helped slow down the pyrolysis of polymer chains, on the other hand, the bond energy of Si O (443 kJ/mol) is much higher than that of C C (358 kJ/mol) and C O (384 kJ/mol), 44 which inorganic Si 8 O 12 cages could prevent the release of volatile degradation products and the transfer of heat during the decomposition process, both of which helped slow down the rate at which the entire composite degraded. [45][46][47] The TGA curves MP are shown in Figure S4 and Table S2.…”