Zirconium and Hafnium Separation, Part 3. Ligand‐Enhanced Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium from Aqueous Solution using Nanofiltration

Poriel, L.; Chitry, Frédéric; Pellet‐Rostaing, Stéphane; Lemaire, Marc; Favre‐Réguillon, Alain

doi:10.1080/01496390600725810

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Using inorganic membranes with either TiO 2 /ZrO 2 or TiO 2 active layer, free Ln(III) are repelled by the membrane whereas the complex Ln(III) can pass through the membrane. The data obtained with water soluble complexing agent further demonstrated the principle of ligand-enhanced transport of metal ion across membranes [20].…”

Section: Ligandmentioning

confidence: 91%

Separation of lanthanides(III) by inorganic nanofiltration membranes using a water soluble complexing agent

Borrini

Bernier²,

Pellet‐Rostaing³

et al. 2010

Journal of Membrane Science

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Section: Ligandmentioning

confidence: 91%

Separation of lanthanides(III) by inorganic nanofiltration membranes using a water soluble complexing agent

Borrini

Bernier²,

Pellet‐Rostaing³

et al. 2010

Journal of Membrane Science

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“…The sophisticated technologies and energy consumption required for the extractive distillation process have led to a search for new zirconium and hafnium separation processes [6]. The development of an effective separation method still attracts the attention of many separation chemists; solvent extraction [4,7], solid/liquid extraction [8][9][10][11], and alternative processes [12][13][14][15][16] have recently been proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear-grade zirconium prepared by combining combustion synthesis with molten-salt electrorefining technique

Nersisyan

Park

et al. 2011

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…Various separation methods have been used, and studied, each with different advantages and limitations 2–4, 9–11. The fractional crystallization of K 2 ZrF 6 and K 2 HfF 6 , herein written as K 2 Zr(Hf)F 6 , is one such method that has been used for the separation of Zr and Hf 3, 12, 14, although mostly on a laboratory scale only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A density‐functional theory approach to the separation of K₂ZrF₆ and K₂HfF₆ via fractional crystallization

Branken

Lachmann

Krieg

et al. 2010

Int J of Quantum Chemistry

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Because of the low absorption cross-section for thermal neutrons of zirconium (Zr) as opposed to hafnium (Hf), Zr-metal must essentially be Hf-free (<100 ppm Hf) to be suitable for use in nuclear reactors. However, Zr and Hf always occur together in nature, and due to very similar chemical and physical properties, their separation is particularly difficult. Separation can be achieved by traditional liquid-liquid extraction or extractive distillation processes, using Zr(Hf)Cl 4 as feedstock. However, the production of K 2 Zr(Hf)F 6 via the plasma dissociation route, developed by the South African Nuclear Energy Corporation Limited (Necsa), could facilitate the development of an alternative separation process. In this theoretical study, the results of density-functional theory (DFT) simulations of K 2 Zr (1-z) Hf z F 6 solid solutions [using Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package (CASTEP)] are presented, for which the supercell approach was applied in an attempt to determine whether solid solution formation during crystallization from aqueous solutions (fractional crystallization) is thermodynamically possible, which would hinder the separation efficiency of this method. Consequently, the calculated thermodynamic properties of mixing were used to evaluate the separation efficiency of Zr and Hf by fractional crystallization using a thermodynamic model to calculate the relative distribution coefficients. The small mixing enthalpies that were calculated from the DFT results, indicates that lattice substitution of Zr(IV) by Hf(IV) in K 2 ZrF 6 could occur with relative ease. This is not surprising, considering the close similarities between Zr and Hf, and it was therefore concluded that K 2 Zr (1-z) Hf z F 6 solid solution formation might well restrict the separation efficiency of Zr and Hf by fractional crystallization of K 2 Zr(Hf)F 6 .

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Zirconium and Hafnium Separation, Part 3. Ligand‐Enhanced Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium from Aqueous Solution using Nanofiltration

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Separation of lanthanides(III) by inorganic nanofiltration membranes using a water soluble complexing agent

Separation of lanthanides(III) by inorganic nanofiltration membranes using a water soluble complexing agent

Nuclear-grade zirconium prepared by combining combustion synthesis with molten-salt electrorefining technique

A density‐functional theory approach to the separation of K₂ZrF₆ and K₂HfF₆ via fractional crystallization

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Zirconium and Hafnium Separation, Part 3. Ligand‐Enhanced Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium from Aqueous Solution using Nanofiltration

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Separation of lanthanides(III) by inorganic nanofiltration membranes using a water soluble complexing agent

Separation of lanthanides(III) by inorganic nanofiltration membranes using a water soluble complexing agent

Nuclear-grade zirconium prepared by combining combustion synthesis with molten-salt electrorefining technique

A density‐functional theory approach to the separation of K2ZrF6 and K2HfF6 via fractional crystallization

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A density‐functional theory approach to the separation of K₂ZrF₆ and K₂HfF₆ via fractional crystallization