ZIP and equivalent thermostatic loads impacts on energy savings of conservation voltage reduction

Sensitivity Analyses of CVR Measurement and Verification Methodologies to Data Availability and Quality

“…Load models are categorized into static and dynamic models, and various load model structures can be derived from these models [27]. There are various load models in the literature [28]- [31]; however, this paper selects the time-varying ZIP load model, based on a comprehensive initial study by the authors, as the most relevant to create the benchmark system. A constrained and bounded Sequential Least-Squares Quadratic Programming (SLSQP) method is proposed in this paper to estimate model parameters.…”

Improving Energy Efficiency and Productivity at Industrial Plants Using Dynamic Voltage Management

“…𝑛 𝑞 is the exponent that yields the sensitivity of reactive power change to changes in voltage [44].…”