Zingerone (4-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) butan-2-one) protects against alloxan-induced diabetes via alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammation: Probable role of NF-kB activation

Abstract

Diabetes is considered as the most common metabolic disease affecting millions of people all around the world. Use of natural herbal medicines can be effective in treating diabetes. Zingerone (4-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) butan-2-one) a polyphenolic alkanone extracted from ginger has a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties and thus can be used as a promising candidate against various ailments. In the current study we aimed at demonstrating the protective effect of zingerone against diabetes mellitus and elucidating its possible mechanism. Five groups of animals (I-V) were made with ten animals each. Group I (control) was given normal saline orally. Group II (diabetic positive control) was given alloxan at the dose rate of 100 mg/kg bwt once. Group III and IV was given alloxan once at the dose rate of 100 mg/kg bwt. and received oral treatment of zingerone at a dose rate of 50 and 100 mg/kg bwt respectively daily for 21 days. Group V was given alloxan at the dose of 100 mg/kg bwt. and was treated with standard drug glibenclamide at the dose rate of 4.5 mg/kg bwt. daily for 21 days. According to our findings we confirmed that zingerone restrained the alloxan induced oxidative stress by increasing the activity of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and reducing the peroxidative damage. We also confirmed that zingerone suppressed the level of redox sensitive transcription factor NFκB and downregulated other downstream inflammatory cytokines like interleukins (IL1-β IL-2, IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Moreover, the experimental findings suggested that zingerone improved the insulin levels. Taken together our results indicated that zingerone effectively ameliorated the diabetes induced complications which provide a strong theoretical basis for zingerone to be used clinically for treatment of diabetes.

Effect of Caesalpinia bonduc Polyphenol Extract on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats in Attenuating Hyperglycemia by Upregulating Insulin Secretion and Inhibiting JNK Signaling Pathway

“…For all the biochemical parameter studied above, 8 weeks treatment of treated groups of rats with CPP (250 and 500 mg/kg) extract showed significant (P ≤ 0:05) effects compared to diabetic control. Alloxan is a diabetogenic agent and responsible for the production of ROS in different tissues particularly in pancreatic tissues due to its rapid uptake by pancreas [58]. That is why intracellular ROS production was measured by using DCF-DA in the hepatic tissue in our research study.…”

Zingerone Ameliorates Hepatotoxicity

“…This may be due to the fact that zingerone stabilizes hepatocytes plasma membrane and prevents the leak of hepatic enzymes to the extracellular luid (Osama et al, 2014;Darbar et al, 2010). The normal level of serum enzymes was reported by (Al-Kushi et al, 2013;Mani et al, 2016;Ahmad et al, 2018) when rats were treated with zingerone or zingiber of icinalis respectively. The above results are in accordance with our report.…”

“…Several studies reported that zinger has many health bene its in traditional medicine. Zingerone is an active component of dried zinger rhizome, having a wide range of essential pharmacological properties (Ahmad et al, 2018).…”

The Role of Serotonin in Concanavalin A-Induced Liver Injury in Mice

“…Kappa B (NF-κB) in Con A-Treated Mice. NF-κB is one of the families of transcriptional factor proteins, which participates in inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and apoptosis and regulates a variety of inflammatory factors such as IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α [28][29][30]. The protein expression of NF-κB was further detected in ALI mice, and the result showed that intrahepatic p-p65 was markedly elevated after Con A injection.…”