Zinc Tolerance in Betula Spp. Iv. The Mechanism of Ectomycorrhizal Amelioration of Zinc Toxicity

Denny, Hilary J.; Wilkins, D. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1987.tb00132.x

Cited by 49 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The mycorrhizal association, therefore, represents the critical link between the tree and soil, and it becomes evident that any factor that affects the health of the mycorrhizal association may subsequently affect the nutrition and growth of trees on these soils. The results from this study and others (Denny and Wilkins, 1987;Jones and Hutchinson, 1988a,b) have implications concerning past interpretations of studies on metal toxicites in tree species, as a majority of these past studies have utilized nonmycorrhizal seedlings (Goransson and Eldhuset, 1987;Nosko et al, 1988;Ryan et al, 1986a,b;Schier, 1985;Schlegel et al, 1987;Thorton et al, 1986;Van Praag et al, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Large reductions in root growth in the presence of AI in that study indicate that the fungi were not successful in protecting seedlings from the toxic effects of AI. Mycorrhizal infection in other tree species by other ectomycorrhizal symbionts have also yielded conflicting results in response to various metals (Denny and Wilkins, 1987;Jones and Hutchinson, 1988b), suggesting that responses may be species specific and dependent on the edaphic stress, or that different cultural conditions greatly alter the outcome of experiments utilizing ectomycorrhizal fungi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could be occurring by one of several mechanisms. First, fungal tissue ensheathing pine roots may act as a strong sink for AI, either binding it to cell wall sites and extrahyphal slime or the fungus may sequestrate AI internally (Denny and Wilkins, 1987). Alternatively, P. tinctorius infected roots may exclude AI to a greater extent than nonmycorrhizal roots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mycorrhizal fungi have been shown to enhance seedling growth and alter patterns of ion uptake and plant nutrition (Cress et al, 1979;Daughtridge et al, 1986;Reid et al, 1984;Rygiewicz and Bledsoe, 1984). Benefits accrued by seedlings in the mycorrhizal state are especially important under adverse rhizospheric conditions where P is limiting and AI or other metals are high (Bjorkman, 1970;Denny and Wilkins, 1987;Jones and Hutchinson, 1988a,b). For example, the survival and growth advantage of mycorrhizal seedlings has been repeatedly reported for seedlings grown on strip mine spoil sites (Marx, 1975;Marx and Altman, 1979), and similar advantages would be expected in natural ecosystems where edaphic factors, such as high soil acidity, may limit plant growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aluminum-mycorrhizal interactions in the physiology of pitch pine seedlings

Cumming

Weinstein

1990

Plant Soil

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Aluminum (AI) in the rhizosphere adversely affects plant nutrition and growth. Although many conifer species, and pitch pine (Pinus rigida) in particular, have evolved on acidic soils where soluble AI is often high, controlled environment studies often indicate that A1 interferes with seedling growth and nutrient relations. Under normal field conditions, conifer roots grow in a symbiotic relationship with ectomycorrhizal fungi, and this association may modulate the effects of A1 on root physiology. To investigate the influence of mycorrhizal infection on A1 toxicity, pitch pine seedlings were grown with or without the ectomycorrhizal symbiont Pisolithus tinctorius and were exposed to low levels of AI in sand culture. Aluminum at 50/xM reduced nonmycorrhizal seedling growth and increased foliar AI concentrations, but did not alter photosynthetic gas exchange or other aspects of seedling nutrition. Nonmycorrhizal seedlings exposed to 200 ~M AI exhibited decreased growth, increased transpiration rates, decreased water use efficiency, increased foliar AI and Na levels, and reduced foliar P concentrations. Seedlings inoculated with P. tinctorius exhibited unaltered growth, physiological function, and ionic relations when exposed to A1. The fungal symbiont evidently modulated ionic relations in the rhizosphere, reducing A1-P precipitation reactions, A1 uptake, and subsequent root and shoot tissue AI exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Aluminum-mycorrhizal interactions in the physiology of pitch pine seedlings

Cumming

Weinstein

1990

Plant Soil

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“…But decreased Ni toxicity in mycorrhizal plants has also been observed at Ni concentrations similar to those found in the stems of non-n3ycJorrhizal plants (Jones and Hutchinson,1988). For Zn, the extramatrical mycelium and the hyphal mantle may have an important function in adsorbing Zn before it enters the cortex (Denny and Wilkins, 1987;Denny and Ridge, 1995). In mycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris, a fungus with a very extensive extramatrical mycelium strongly retarded and decreased Zn uptake into the shoots, and Zn content of the short roots increased with mantle thickness (Colpaert and Van Assche, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of lead accumulation in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)

1996

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Twelve-week-old seedlings of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst), non-mycorrhizal or mycorrhizal with Laccaria laccata, Paxillus involutus or Pisolithus tinctorius were exposed to 5 #M Pb for either 32 or 42 days in a quartz sand-nutrient solution system. Ultrathin sections of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal short roots were examined by X-ray microanalysis. After 42 days Pb treatment, the Pb content of the cortex cell walls was lower in the non-mycorrhizal short roots and in the P. involutus mycorrhizae than in the mycorrhizae of L. laccata or P. tinctorius. The Pb content of the cell walls of the hyphal mantle was higher in P. involutus than in L. laccata or P. tinctorius. The short term experiment over 32 days showed that the Pb content of the cortex cell walls strongly increased during the first 16 days in the non-mycorrhizal roots and the L. laccata mycorrhizae, whereas it increased more slowly in the P. involutus mycorrhizae. After 32 days Pb treatment, the Pb content in the cortex cell walls in the P. involutus mycorrhizae was similar to that in the non-mycorrhizal roots. P. involutus also decreased Pb translocation from the roots to the stems. Mycorrhizal infection was not affected by Pb but with P. involutus, the amount of extramatrical mycelium was reduced by 50% on day 32 compared to day 16. The extramatrical mycelium of L. laccata was not reduced by Pb. It is concluded that ectomycorrhizal fungi differ in their effect on Pb accumulation in the roots of Norway spruce. The binding capacity of the extramatrical mycelium seems to be an important factor.

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