Zinc Supplementation Reduces the Incidence of Persistent Diarrhea and Dysentery among Low Socioeconomic Children in India

Sazawal, Sunil; Black, Robert E.; Bhan, Maharaj Kishan; Jalla, Sanju; Bhandari, Nita; Sinha, Anju; Majumdar, Sharmila

doi:10.1093/jn/126.2.443

Cited by 120 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Zinc supplementation reduced the incidence (Sazawal et al, 1996), duration and severity of diarrhoea in children (Sazawal et al, 1995) and had protective effects on diarrhoea and respiratory infections (Black, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc supplementation: effects on the growth and morbidity of undernourished Jamaican children

1998

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Objective: We investigated whether there was a growth or morbidity response to zinc supplementation. Design: The study was randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind. Setting: Children were recruited at clinics in Kingston, Jamaica, and supplemented at home. Subjects: Children selected were singletons aged 6±24 months, and stunted (`À2.0 s.d. length for age, NCHS references). They were strati®ed by sex and age and randomly assigned to receive zinc supplement (n 31) or placebo (n 30). Four children were excluded because of hospitalization; all others had all measurements. Adequately nourished children (n 24) were recruited from a well-baby clinic. Interventions: The supplement provided 5 mg elemental zinc in a syrup daily for 12 weeks; the placebo comprised the syrup only. Main outcome measures: Caretakers were interviewed to obtain social background data, number of clinic visits and hospitalizations. Anthropometric measurements were done on enrolment, and after 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 12 months. Children's health was determined by weekly questionnaire to caretakers of the undernourished groups during the supplementation period. Results: The supplemented and placebo groups were similar on enrolment. The adequately nourished children were from signi®cantly better socio-economic circumstances. Mean initial hair zinc content was 5.5 AE 4.8 mmolag (supplemented group) and 6.7 AE 12.1 mmolag (placebo)(n.s.). Regression analyses showed that there were no signi®cant effects of supplementation on length, height or head circumference, nor on the incidence of any morbidity symptom. Mean duration of the episodes was signi®cantly shorter for skin rashes in the supplemented group compared with the control group (ANCOVA, P 0.02), and longer for vomiting (P 0.02). The incidence of hospitalization was signi®cantly greater in the control group (Fisher's exact test, P 0.02). Conclusions: Zinc supplementation reduced the hospitalizations which probably re¯ect severity of morbidity, but did not improve growth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc supplementation: effects on the growth and morbidity of undernourished Jamaican children

1998

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“…There is evidence to show preventive and therapeutic effects of zinc supplementation on various childhood morbidities (18,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). Our morbidity-related results showed that children with zinc deficiency were at a higher risk of morbidities compared to zinc-sufficient children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The main study was a double-masked, randomized controlled zinc-supplementation trial carried out in an urban slum in New Delhi, and the details of the study population, design, methods, eligibility, recruitment, and randomization have earlier been reported (14)(15). Briefly, 940 children aged 6-35 months and presenting to the community-based clinic with history of acute diarrhoea (defined as having passed at least four unformed stools in the past 24 hours and having diarrhoea for less than seven days) were enrolled and randomly allocated to either zinc group (n=468) or control group (n=472).…”

Section: Study Subjects and Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Deficiency: Descriptive Epidemiology and Morbidity among Preschool Children in Peri-urban Population in Delhi, India

Dhingra

Hiremath

Menon

et al. 2009

J Health Popul Nutr

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Community-based data relating to factors influencing zinc deficiency among preschool children in India are inadequate. Data of a large, double-blinded, randomized, controlled zinc-supplementation trial were used for assessing the descriptive epidemiology of zinc deficiency among children aged 6-35 months (n=940). In total, 609 children were followed up for 120 days for information on morbidity. Of these children, 116 from the control group belonging to the upper and the lower 25 th quartile of plasma zinc status at baseline were selected for assessing the association of zinc deficiency with prospective morbidity. At baseline, demographic, socioeconomic and dietary information was collected, and anthropometric measurements and levels of plasma zinc were assessed. At baseline, 73.3% of the children were zinc-deficient (plasma zinc <70 µg/dL), of which 33.8% had levels of plasma zinc below 60 µg/dL. A significantly higher risk of morbidity was prevalent among the subjects with lower plasma zinc compared to those with higher levels of plasma zinc.

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“…This has been documented for vitamin A, iron, and zinc (Sazawal et al, 1996;Sommer et al, 1986;Vyas and Chandra, 1984), although a few studies have failed to show beneficial results (Arthur et al, 1992;, and in others, the effect on diarrheal disease was negated by an increase in respiratory illness. The potential significance of the negative effect of massive dosing of single nutrients should be borne in mind.…”

Section: Nutritional Supplements For Boosting Immunitymentioning

confidence: 83%

Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field

Poos¹,

Costello²,

Carlson-Newberry³

1999

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The serpent has been a symbol of long life, healing, and knowledge among almost all cultures and religions since the beginning of recorded history. The image adopted as a logotype by the Institute of Medicine is based on a relief carving from ancient Greece, now held by the Staatliche Museen in Berlin.Cover: Resting monocyte/macrophage being activated to produce proinflammatory cytokines which form complexes with receptor binding proteins. Adapted from COMMITTEE ON MILITARY NUTRITION RESEARCHROBERT O. NESHEIM (Chair, through June 30, 1998) (FNB), Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences. Other workshops or symposia have included such topics as food components to enhance performance; nutritional needs in hot, cold, and high-altitude environments; body composition and physical performance; nutrition and physical performance; cognitive testing methodology; and fluid replacement and heat stress. These workshops form part of the response that the CMNR provides to the Commander, U. HISTORY OF THE COMMITTEEThe CMNR was established in October 1982 following a request by the Assistant Surgeon General of the Army that the Board on Military Supplies of the National Academy of Sciences set up a special committee. The purpose of this committee was to advise the U.S. Department of Defense on the need for and conduct of nutrition research and related issues. The CMNR was transferred to the FNB in 1983. The CMNR's current tasks are• to identify nutritional factors that may critically influence the physical and mental performance of military personnel under all environmental extremes,• to identify deficiencies in the existing database, • to recommend research that would remedy these deficiencies as well as approaches for studying the relationship of diet to physical and mental performance, and• to review and advise on standards for military feeding systems.Within this context, the CMNR was asked to focus on nutrient requirements for performance during operational missions rather than requirements for military personnel in garrison (the latter were judged to be not significantly different from those of the civilian population).Although the membership of the committee has changed periodically, the disciplines represented consistently have included human nutrition, nutritional biochemistry, performance physiology, food science, and psychology. For issues that require broader expertise than exists within the committee, the CMNR has convened workshops or utilized consultants. The workshops provide additional state-of-the-art scientific information and informed opinion for the consideration of the committee. COMMITTEE TASKS AND PROCEDURESThe request for this review of nutrition and immune function and its application to military operations originated with Army scientists from USARIEM and USAMRMC. In December 1995, a committee subgroup of the CMNR participated in a series of conference calls with USARIEM, USAMRMC, and other CMNR members to identify the key areas that should be reviewed and to solicit suggestions for names...

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Zinc Supplementation Reduces the Incidence of Persistent Diarrhea and Dysentery among Low Socioeconomic Children in India

Cited by 120 publications

References 19 publications

Zinc supplementation: effects on the growth and morbidity of undernourished Jamaican children

Zinc supplementation: effects on the growth and morbidity of undernourished Jamaican children

Zinc Deficiency: Descriptive Epidemiology and Morbidity among Preschool Children in Peri-urban Population in Delhi, India

Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field

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