“…Being safe and cost effective, ZnO NPs are among the most commonly used NPs (Jiang, Pi, & Cai, 2018;Siddiqi, Rahman, Husen, & Husen, 2018). They exert their antimicrobial activity via several mechanisms including: binding to membranes; disrupting their potential and integrity, inducing ROS production and their positive charges enhance destruction of organic material upon direct contact (Bondarenko et al, 2018;Mahmoud, Ali, Raafat, Badawy, & Elshahawy, 2018;Sun et al, 2019). The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of ZnO NPs against Gram-negative bacteria, Grampositive bacteria, and fungi was documented (Beyth et al, 2015;Gunalan, Sivaraj, & Rajendran, 2012;Jiang et al, 2018;Zvekić, Srdić, Karaman, & Matavulj, 2011), the antibacterial and antifungal activity of ZnO nanocomposites was also accentuated (Sikora et al, 2018;Yu et al, 2014).…”