Zinc oxide nanoparticles impacts: cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, developmental toxicity, and neurotoxicity

Singh, Sanjiv

doi:10.1080/15376516.2018.1553221

Cited by 175 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…ZnO NPs may transfer to the CNS through blood brain barrier (BBB) [7], placental barrier [8], olfactory bulb or taste nerve pathways [9], leading to various neurotoxic effects. There are three inducers engaged in toxicity activities of ZnO NPs: the release of zinc ions from ZnO NPs, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mechanical damages caused by direct contact between the particles itself and the cells [10]. However, the regulatory mechanisms of ZnO NPs in various kinds of cells are different, for instance, inflammatory response [11], endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress [12], necrosis [13], apoptosis [14], and autophagy [15] seem to be involved in the toxicity of ZnO NPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zinc oxide nanoparticles effectively regulate autophagic cell death by activating autophagosome formation and interfering with their maturation

Liu

et al. 2020

Part Fibre Toxicol

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Background With the development of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in the field of nanotechnology, their toxicological effects are attracting increasing attention, and the mechanisms for ZnO NPs neurotoxicity remain obscure. In an attempt to address concerns regarding neurotoxicity of ZnO NPs, we explored the relationship between free zinc ions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neurotoxic mechanisms in ZnO NPs-exposed PC12 cells. Result This study demonstrated the requirement of free zinc ions shed by ZnO NPs to over generation of intracellular ROS. Next, we identified autophagic cell death was the major mode of cell death induced by ZnO NPs, and autophagosome accumulation resulted from not only induction of autophagy, but also blockade of autophagy flux. We concluded that autophagic cell death, resulting from zinc ions-ROS-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-autophagy positive feedback loop and blockade of autophagosomal-lysosomal fusion, played a major role in the neurotoxicity of ZnO NPs. Conclusion Our study contributes to a better understanding of the neurotoxicity of ZnO NPs and might be useful for designing and developing new biosafety nanoparticles in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Endosomes tend to fuse into lysosomes, where ZnO NPs may be degraded to zinc ions due to the local acid environment. And then zinc ions are mobilized into the cytoplasm, resulting in zinc ions dyshomeostasis [10]. Thus, lysosomes associate the cellular response of ZnO NPs with autophagy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc oxide nanoparticles effectively regulate autophagic cell death by activating autophagosome formation and interfering with their maturation

Liu

et al. 2020

Part Fibre Toxicol

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“…The release of Zn ions in the cell culture medium was reported to cause intracellular and extracellular dissolution, which impart to cells death. This effect is concentration and time dependent, however, the mechanism by which Zn induces cell death and oxidative stress is still unresolved …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This effect is concentration and time dependent, however, the mechanism by which Zn induces cell death and oxidative stress is still unresolved. 56,57 Long-term stability of CS cements is an important factor affecting their performance. ICP results showed that the ion release of both Si and Ca in DCSs was lower than that in CS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel, doped calcium silicate bioceramic synthesized by sol–gel method: Investigation of setting time and biological properties

et al. 2019

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The aim of the current study was to synthesize a fast‐setting ion‐doped calcium silicate bioceramic by the sol–gel method and to characterize its in vitro apatite‐forming ability and cell viability. Calcium silicate (CS), doped calcium silicate with zinc and magnesium, with Ca/Zn molar ratios of 6.7:1 (DCS1), and 4.5:1 (DCS2), were synthesized by the sol–gel method. Matreva white MTA (WMTA, Matreva, CA, Egypt) was used as a control. The synthesized powders were characterized by x‐ray diffraction. Setting time was measured using the Gilmore needle indentation technique. The in vitro apatite‐forming ability of the materials was evaluated by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X‐ray. NIH3T3‐E1 cells viability was tested using MTT assay. The ion release of Ca, Si, Zn, and Mg was measured using inductive coupled plasma‐optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES). One‐way ANOVA was used to analyze setting time results. The Tukey's HSD post hoc test was used to establish significance (p < 0.001). For nonparametric data, the Kruskal–Wallis H test with Dunn's correction for post hoc comparison was used (p < 0.05). CS, DCS1, and DCS2 showed a significant decrease in setting time 33 ± 1.63 min, 28 ± 1.63 min, and 41.75 ± 2.87 min, respectively, compared to WMTA 91 ± 3.16 min (p < 0.001). DCS1 showed the highest apatite‐forming ability and cell viability compared to the other groups. Ca and Si ions release decreased in both DCS1 and DCS2. The physical and biological properties of CS can be successfully improved by the sol–gel synthesis and ions doping. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 108B:56–66, 2020.

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“…Physical sunscreens, that is inorganic or nanoparticle-based, are effective but safety is a concern for zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) in sunscreens [2][3][4]. There have been a number of toxicological studies of physical sunscreens that have yielded both positive and negative results [5][6][7]. The safety of physical sunscreens has been controversial and challenging to resolve (for a review see [8]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A minimally invasive clinical model to test sunscreen toxicity based on oxidative stress levels using microbiopsy and confocal microscopy – a proof of concept study

Yamada

Lin

Hang

et al. 2020

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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Objective This proof‐of‐concept study demonstrated that using minimally invasive skin microsampling could enable significantly higher throughput of cosmetic testing in volunteers than conventional biopsy. Nanoparticle sunscreen was used as a model to test toxicity based on oxidative stress using microbiopsy and confocal imaging. Methods Six volunteers were recruited for this study (3 males and 3 females). Zinc oxide nanoparticle containing topical formulation was prepared at 10% w/v. Each volunteer had 3 areas of 4 cm2 each mapped on each inner forearm for a total of 6 treatment areas (intact/ tape‐stripped and with/without treatment). The topical zinc‐nanoparticle formulation was applied directly to volunteer skin (2mg/cm2) for 2 hrs. Microbiopsied tissue from each treatment group was stained for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in addition to mitochondrial superoxide. The stained samples were then imaged using confocal microscopy prior to image analysis. Results Skin exposed to zinc oxide nanoparticles did not show any significant increases in oxidative stress. Zinc oxide nanoparticle tape‐stripped skin resulted in signal significantly lower (P < 0.001) oxidative stress levels than t‐butylated hydroxytoluene treated tape‐stripped skin for oxidative stress markers. Topically applied zinc oxide nanoparticles had no detectable effect on the oxidative status in volunteer skin. No adverse reactions or effects were observed after all treatments including microbiopsy. Conclusion The data support the hypothesis that microbiopsy is a viable approach to study cosmeceutical‐ skin interactions in volunteers with capacity for molecular assays and high throughput with very low risk to the volunteer.

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Zinc oxide nanoparticles impacts: cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, developmental toxicity, and neurotoxicity

Cited by 175 publications

References 136 publications

Zinc oxide nanoparticles effectively regulate autophagic cell death by activating autophagosome formation and interfering with their maturation

Zinc oxide nanoparticles effectively regulate autophagic cell death by activating autophagosome formation and interfering with their maturation

A novel, doped calcium silicate bioceramic synthesized by sol–gel method: Investigation of setting time and biological properties

A minimally invasive clinical model to test sunscreen toxicity based on oxidative stress levels using microbiopsy and confocal microscopy – a proof of concept study

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