Zinc Oxide-Based Self-Powered Potentiometric Chemical Sensors for Biomolecules and Metal Ions

Abstract

Advances in the miniaturization and portability of the chemical sensing devices have always been hindered by the external power supply problem, which has focused new interest in the fabrication of self-powered sensing devices for disease diagnosis and the monitoring of analytes. This review describes the fabrication of ZnO nanomaterial-based sensors synthesized on different conducting substrates for extracellular detection, and the use of a sharp borosilicate glass capillary (diameter, d = 700 nm) to grow ZnO nanostructures for intracellular detection purposes in individual human and frog cells. The electrocatalytic activity and fast electron transfer properties of the ZnO materials provide the necessary energy to operate as well as a quick sensing device output response, where the role of the nanomorphology utilized for the fabrication of the sensor is crucial for the production of the operational energy. Simplicity, design, cost, sensitivity, selectivity and a quick and stable response are the most important features of a reliable sensor for routine applications. The review details the extra- and intra-cellular applications of the biosensors for the detection and monitoring of different metallic ions present in biological matrices, along with the biomolecules glucose and cholesterol.

Highly Functionalized Modified Metal Oxides Polymeric Sensors for Potentiometric Determination of Letrozole in Commercial Oral Tablets and Biosamples

“…The typical potentiometric electrodes for detecting medicinal drugs, organic or inorganic compounds are the classical form of self-powered electrodes that do not need any external energy sources for their work [ 22 ]. The potentiometric measurements of these electrodes are achieved as a result of analyte accumulation under the effect of an electrostatic mechanism causing the production of potential difference between working electrode surface and the surface of reference electrode [ 22 ]. The diverse structure and size of the synthesized MgONPs and CuONPs provide an advanced competence for the construction of various catalytic sensing systems.…”

Role of aluminum and HMTA in the hydrothermal synthesis of two-dimensional n-doped ZnO nanosheets

“…Additionally, ZnO also shows a strong response in the UV region and excellent electron transport properties. Besides being a biocompatible oxide [4] due to its practically null toxicity, ZnO is a promising material for being used in biological self-sufficient implants [5,6], biosensors [7,8], even as a drug delivery medium and biomolecular sensors [9,10].…”

Glucose Oxidase/Nano-ZnO/Thin Film Deposit FTO as an Innovative Clinical Transducer: A Sensitive Glucose Biosensor

“…There are many medical research reports on enzymatic glucose measurements based on the best-nanostructured metal oxide textures and composites (Karimi-Maleh et al, 2019c ). Some nanostructured metal oxides such as zinc oxide (ZnO) have been studied in recent years owing to their strong ability to facilitate electron transfer between the electrode and the surface active site (Aini et al, 2015 ; Baghizadeh et al, 2015 ; Gallay et al, 2016 ; Zhao et al, 2016 ; Chung et al, 2017 ; Israr-Qadir et al, 2017 ; Moghaddam, 2017 ; Zhou et al, 2017 ; Karimi-Maleh et al, 2019a , c ; Miraki et al, 2019 ; Shamsadin-Azad et al, 2019 ; Karimi-Maleh and Arotiba, 2020 ). The application of nanomaterials, especially nanoparticles, in various industries and technologies, and especially in the design of electrochemical sensors, has been well-studied (Rayati and Malekmohammadi, 2016 ; Dehhaghi et al, 2019 ; Hassandoost et al, 2019 ; Hosseini et al, 2019 ; Karimi-Maleh et al, 2019b , 2020a , b , c ; Malekmohammadi et al, 2019 ).…”