Zinc-manganese dioxide galvanic cell using zinc sulphate as electrolyte. Rechargeability of the cell

Shoji, Takayuki; Hishinuma, Masakazu; Yamamoto, Takakazu

doi:10.1007/bf01022245

Cited by 133 publications

(120 citation statements)

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“…1b). These peaks can be attributed to the basic zinc sulfate (Zn 4 SO 4 (OH) 6 · H 2 O, JCPDS card No.39-0690), which is an inactive and insoluble sulfate deposition. 9 The accumulation of inactive Zn 4 SO 4 (OH) 6 · H 2 O on the surface of Zn particles could dramatically inhibit the reversible deposition/dissolution of zinc and limit the active material utilization, which is predicted to be responsible for the performance degradation of the neutral zinc ion battery.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 The accumulation of inactive Zn 4 SO 4 (OH) 6 · H 2 O on the surface of Zn particles could dramatically inhibit the reversible deposition/dissolution of zinc and limit the active material utilization, which is predicted to be responsible for the performance degradation of the neutral zinc ion battery. After 80 cycles, more kinds of basic zinc sulfates, Zn 4 SO 4 (OH) 6 · 0.5H 2 O (JCPDS card No.44-0674) and Zn 4 SO 4 (OH) 6 6 · 0.5H 2 O for ZnAB+12wt%AC) are greatly reduced, which means that the addition of AC could effectively reduce the deposition of basic zinc sulfates (Fig. 1b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, compared with a smooth spherical shape, the dendrites with sharp thin sheets covered on zinc particles increase the possibility of penetrating into the separator, which may result in an interior short circuit. 8 Based on the XRD and SEM analysis, the capacity loss of this neutral zinc ion battery is attributed to the formation of inactive basic zinc sulfates (Zn 4 SO 4 (OH) 6 · nH 2 O) and Zn dendrites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The capacity retentions of the batteries without and with 12wt% activated carbon in Zn anodes are 56.7% and 85.6% after 80 cycles, respectively. The addition of activated carbon can suppress the formation of inactive basic zinc sulfate (Zn 4 SO 4 (OH) 6 · nH 2 O) characterized by the XRD diffraction. Results show that due to the presence of activated carbon, the deposition of anodic products is preferential to occur in the pores of activated carbon rather than on the surface of Zn particles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These inactive dendrites or passivation products block the transfer of ions and slow the ion diffusion process, leading to a pronounced anodic capacity fading. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] In addition, the dendrites can penetrate into the separator and result in an interior short circuit. In the 1990's, the neutral ZnSO 4 solution has been exploited as a replacement for the alkaline electrolyte with some promising results.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Enhancement on Cycle Performance of Zn Anodes by Activated Carbon Modification for Neutral Rechargeable Zinc Ion Batteries

Xu²,

Han

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

182

106

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A novel composite anode is prepared by mixing zinc particles with activated carbon (AC) to improve the cycle performance of the neutral rechargeable zinc ion batteries. Galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling tests indicate that the capacity retention of the cell with adding 12 wt% activated carbon in Zn anode is 85.6% after 80 cycles, which is much higher than that of 56.7% for the cell using unmodified Zn anode. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the addition of activated carbon can suppress the formation of inactive basic zinc sulfates (Zn 4 SO 4 (OH) 6 · nH 2 0). Morphology, elemental mapping and N 2 adsorption and desorption measurements indicate that the pores of activated carbon can accommodate the deposition of Zn dendrites and insoluble anodic products. As a result, the cycle stability of the Zn anode has been greatly enhanced by activated carbon modification. Compared with other widely used metal anodes, such as lead, cadmium and rare metal mesh, zinc is a non-toxic, abundant, and low cost resource. Since the middle of 19th century, zinc has been used as an excellent anodic material for Zn/Mn, Zn/Ni and Zn/Ag batteries. 1With features such as low cost, environmental benignity and good specific energy, the Zn/MnO 2 system has traditionally provided one of the most popular primary cells for a great number of applications. These attractive characteristics, combined with the growing need of high-performance batteries, have prompted considerable efforts to change its primary nature into a secondary one.In the early 1980s, a rechargeable alkaline Zn/MnO 2 (RAM) has been developed. [1][2][3][4] Over the past three decades, the improvement of this technology has progressed rapidly. However, even now the rechargeability of batteries based on Zn anode in alkaline media remains a significant challenge. It is well known that the capacity of rechargeable alkaline Zn/MnO 2 batteries using both KOH and LiOH electrolytes will dramatically drop to below 50% or even worse at only 40 cycles, meanwhile the columbic efficiency decreases to below 50%. 2,4 It has been pointed out by Y. Shen and K. Kordesch 4 that the capacity fading and columbic efficiency loss of rechargeable alkaline Zn/MnO 2 batteries are mainly attributed to the formation of dendrites and passivation products in Zn anodes. These inactive dendrites or passivation products block the transfer of ions and slow the ion diffusion process, leading to a pronounced anodic capacity fading. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] In addition, the dendrites can penetrate into the separator and result in an interior short circuit. In the 1990's, the neutral ZnSO 4 solution has been exploited as a replacement for the alkaline electrolyte with some promising results.11-13 Kim et al. 13 reported that addition of 0.1∼0.5 mol L −1 MnSO 4 to 2 mol L −1 ZnSO 4 electrolyte greatly improved the cycle performance of rechargeable Zn/MnO 2 cells. The batteries with aqueous ZnSO 4 electrolyte can be cycled in the potential range of 1.0-1.9 V, where a two-step, two-electron charge-discharge ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%