Zinc: Inorganic & Coordination ChemistryBased in part on the article Zinc: Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry by Reg H. Prince which appeared in theEncyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, First Edition.

Abstract

Alloys and salts of zinc have been known for many centuries; commercial production of the metal dates from early in the eighteenth century. Of the several million tons now produced annually, by electrolytic and smelting processes, much is used in alloys, in batteries, in corrosion prevention, and in the manufacture of a range of compounds with various uses. In particular, zinc oxide and zinc chloride have a large number of uses, detailed in this article. Zinc sulfide is both one of the main zinc ores and the archetype for the two main structural forms of 4:4‐coordinated structures (zinc blende and wurtzite). Many zinc compounds and complexes have interesting structural, spectroscopic, optical, magnetic, and conductivity properties, some of which are of actual or potential value in technical and industrial applications. Zinc‐containing species have also proved valuable in synthesis and self‐assembly of a range of supramolecular structures. Both in the solid state and in solution zinc exhibits a range of coordination numbers, though tetrahedral and, especially in solution, octahedral stereochemistries dominate. Zinc forms a variety of complexes, especially with nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and halide donor ligands. Many of these complexes show high stability, but they are generally labile in solution. Zinc plays an essential role in biology, being a key constituent of at least 200 metalloproteins. It is an essential element in human nutrition, but toxic in large quantities. Many zinc complexes have been synthesized as biochemical models; a few zinc salts are used in dietary supplements.

Study of interaction of metal ions with methylthymol blue by chemometrics and quantum chemical calculations

“…Zn II has a d 10 electron configuration and thus, has no geometric priority based on the ligand field stabilization energy 60 . Td and Oh geometries are the most common coordination spheres reported for Zn II complexes and the Oh coordination is the most predominant one in solution phases 64 – 66 . Except for a few rare cases, complexes with the SP geometry for Zn II has not been reported 67 , 68 .…”

Comparison of force fields to study the zinc-finger containing protein NPL4, a target for Antabuse in cancer therapy

“…As observed for the minimal systems Npl4(Zn 2+ )129-151, the non-bonded model in CHARMM36m showed a strong tendency to favor the entrance of additional water molecules in the coordination shell of Zn 2+ , increasing the coordination number to six and adopting octahedral coordination geometries. Octahedral geometries of Zn 2+ with six water molecules dominate in aqueous solution [106,107]. Thus, the performance of non-bonded parameters on our model systems using CHARMM36m reflects how the parameters have been developed, referring to complexes of Zn 2+ -water molecules [38].…”

Recovery of pure palladium compound from the spent electroplating solutions by hydrometallurgical method

“…Pd(II) and Zn(II) in HCl solution can exist as anionic species such as PdCl4 2and ZnCl4 2due to the interaction between Pd(II) and Zn(II) with chloride ion (Pospiech and Chagnes, 2014;Wei et al, 2016;Song et al, 2021). Pd(II) has a stronger tendency to form stable complexes with inorganic anions such as SCN -, Iand Brcompared to that of Zn(II), which can be employed for the selective separation of the two metal ions (Elding, 1972;Elding, 1978;Elding and Olsson, 1986;Shi and Elding, 1998;Burgess and Prince, 2006;Colombo et al, 2008;Le Roux et al, 2014). Thus, ILs derived from Aliquat 336 and inorganic anions (SCN -, Iand Br -) such as ALi-SCN, ALi-I and ALi-Br were employed for the selective extraction of Pd(II) over Zn(II) in the HCl solution.…”

“…However, the utilization of synthesized ILs derived from commercial extractants as well as ILs with inorganic ions such as I -, Br -, SCNfor separation of Pd(II) over other metals is still limited. According to HSAB (Hard soft acid base) principle, Pd(II) is a soft acid, while Zn(II) is a border line acid (Burgess and Prince, 2006;Truong and Lee, 2018). Therefore, it is possible to make use of the difference in the hardness between Pd(II) and Zn(II).…”