Zinc induced damage to kidney proximal tubular cells: Studies on chemical speciation leading to a mechanism of damage

Gender differences in the relationship between serum zinc concentration and metabolic syndrome

“…However, adverse effects of high zinc concentrations on brain, liver and kidney cells have been reported and recently it has been shown that zinc can cause kidney cell damage at around physiological concentrations of 50 mmol/L (Sargazi et al, 2013); in our study, serum creatinine concentrations were comparable between different tertiles of serum zinc concentrations.…”

Interaction between nanoparticles generated by zinc chloride treatment and oxidative responses in rat liver

“…4 Zn plays an important role in the induction of metallothionein (MT) biosynthesis in the liver and kidneys. 5 The MTs, a family of low molecular weight and cysteine-rich proteins (20 cysteine residues of a total of 61-68 amino acids), are the most abundant Zn storage proteins. 6 The function of Zn in protecting biological structures from free radical damage may be due to several factors: first, by maintaining an adequate level of MTs, which is also a free radical scavenger; then, as an essential structural component of CuZn-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD); and finally, as a protective agent for thiols and other chemical groups.…”

Impact of Zinc Sulfate Exposition on Viability, Proliferation and Cell Cycle Distribution of Epithelial Kidney Cells

“…Zinc fumes are dangerous too, and may cause fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, muscular aches and weakness [1]. Zinc administration in experimental animals at relatively high amounts can initiate tissue/cellular damage, eventually leading to death [5]. Renal cells are often exposed to higher concentrations of xenobiotics, because kidneys play the most important role in eliminating various drugs and toxic substances.…”

“…According to nature, the dose, route, and duration of exposition display diverse alterations in renal function ranging from mild tubular dysfunction to severe renal failure [6]. Zinc can induce damage to kidney cells by a mechanism dependent on zinc ions entering the cell, binding to the cell organelles and disrupting cellular processes [5]. Regarding renal excretion of zinc, it is known that about 2-3 mg of zinc are replenished daily in humans [7] and less than 5% is eliminated by kidneys [8].…”

“…However, higher therapeutic doses (150-660 mg daily) are indicated in some diseases, for example diabetes [10], urinary aminoaciduria [5], chronic kidney disease [11] or Wilson's disease [7]. Although many in vitro studies have indicated zinc toxicity [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], only a few studies have focused on its nephrotoxicity [5,20]. Oral treatment with zinc can change energy metabolism and cause mitochondria and cell membrane impairment in rat kidneys via inducing nephrotoxicity [21].…”