Zinc Hydroxide: Solubility Product and Hydroxy-complex Stability Constants from 12.5–75 °C

Reichle, Randy A.; McCurdy, Keith G.; Hepler, Loren G.

doi:10.1139/v75-556

Cited by 202 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…In the case of ZnO, Reichle et al [39] established that the surface zinc hydroxide layer, ≡Zn-OH + or Zn(OH) 2(S), is in equilibrium with different hydroxylated metal species in solution, whose fraction varies as a function of pH ( Figure 4). In this case, the mechanisms of surface charge consist mainly on the adsorption of protons/hydroxyls onto the hydroxide amphoteric surface sites and/or the formation of hydroxylated metal species in solution which deposit on the solid surfaces, according to the following reactions [40,41],…”

Section: Aqueous Colloidal Behavior Of Znomentioning

confidence: 99%

EPD-deposited ZnO thin films: a review

Verde¹

2014

Bol. Soc. Esp. Ceram. Vidr.

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Section: Aqueous Colloidal Behavior Of Znomentioning

confidence: 99%

EPD-deposited ZnO thin films: a review

Verde¹

2014

Bol. Soc. Esp. Ceram. Vidr.

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“…In the absence of any suitable redox species in solution, as in this study, the thermodynamically favored reaction of the generated holes is the reaction with ZnO leading to the photodecomposition of ZnO 9 [3] The nature of these soluble corrosion species Zn(OH) n (2Ϫn) will depend on the pH of the solution. In the case of these alkaline solutions the likely corrosion products 27 are Zn(OH) 4 2Ϫ or Zn(OH) 3 Ϫ . But, in any case, this photoinduced dissolution leads to the destruction of the anodically formed passive film.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Ultraviolet Illumination on the Passive Behavior of Zinc

Rudd

Breslin

2000

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Zinc and many zinc alloys are used widely as metallic coatings in the corrosion protection of iron and steel. These systems exhibit passive behavior in alkaline solutions due to the formation of a zinc oxide/hydroxide passive film. 1,2 This passive layer possesses some properties similar to that of the nonstoichiometric ZnO, [3][4][5][6] which is an n-type semiconductor with a large optical bandgap energy of approximately 3.2 eV. 7,8 This nonstoichiometric ZnO is well known as a photoelectrochemical electrode. On illumination of the anodically biased ZnO with sufficiently energetic photons, electrons are promoted from the valence to the conduction band generating electron-hole pairs. The holes are transported to the film-solution interface where they undergo an electrochemical reaction, either oxidizing suitable chemical species added to the electrolyte, or causing photodissolution of ZnO. 9-11 Indeed, this photoinduced dissolution of ZnO can be used for micropattern processing. 12,13 However, the influence of illumination on the passive and corrosion behavior of pure zinc or zinc-rich electrodes or coatings is less well documented, with only a few reports appearing in the literature. For example, Juzeliunas et al. 14 reported an increase in the corrosion rate of zinc in a 5% NaCl solution on illumination at 488 nm. This increase in the corrosion rate was associated with a light-induced increase in the rate of the oxygen reduction reaction, but no changes in the anodic polarization behavior were observed. Spathis and Poulios 15 observed the photocorrosion of zinc and zinc oxide coatings in a 3.5 % NaCl solution on illumination with white light.In this communication the results of an investigation into the influence of ultraviolet (UV) illumination on the passive behavior of Zn in alkaline and slightly alkaline solutions are presented. ExperimentalTest electrodes were prepared from high purity zinc rods (99.999 ϩ %). Electrical contact with the zinc rod samples was achieved by means of a copper wire threaded into the base of the metal sample. This entire unit was then sealed in a Teflon holder, and the exposed surface of the zinc rod was set with epoxy resin in the Teflon sleeve. Prior to each test the samples were polished with successively finer grades of SiC paper to a smooth surface finish and rinsed with distilled water. In the case of the Mott-Schottky experiments the electrodes were polished to a mirror finish using alumina powder. The electrochemical cell was made of Teflon with a quartz window in the base to allow irradiation of the test electrodes. Highdensity graphite rods were used as the auxiliary electrodes and a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) was used as the reference electrode. All potentials quoted are relative to this electrode. The electrolytes were prepared using analytical grade reagents and distilled water.The electrolytes used were an alkaline pH 13.0 borate solution (0.1 mol dm Ϫ3 NaOH/ 0.025 mol dm Ϫ3 Na 2 B 4 O 7 ) and a slightly alkaline, pH 10.3 (0.042 mol dm Ϫ3 NaOH/0.025 mol dm Ϫ3...

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“…The use of pH 8.0 ensured a balance between the supply of soluble Zn 2+ (which decreases with increasing pH 35 ) and dispersion stability 8 . Whilst this procedure worked very well for our previously reported Bdbased nanoparticle dispersions 8 (which had pK a values > 9.1) our initial attempts using crosslinker-free BA-based nanoparticles (i.e., C55(0)-30(0)) resulted in poor quality cast films.…”

Section: Core-shell Nanoparticle Synthesis and Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the modulus of nanostructured ionomer films of core–shell nanoparticles based on poly(n-butyl acrylate)

et al. 2016

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ABSTRACT:In this study we investigate the structure-mechanical property relationships for nanostructured ionomer films containing ionically crosslinked core-shell polymer nanoparticles based on poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBA). Whilst nanostructured ionomer films of core-shell nanoparticles have been previously shown to have good ductility [Soft Matter, 10, 4725, 2014], the modulus values were modest. Here, we used BA as the primary monomer to construct core-shell nanoparticles that provided films containing nanostructured polymers with much higher glass transition temperature (T g ) values. The core-shell nanoparticles were synthesised using BA, acrylonitrile (AN), methacrylic acid (MAA) and 1, 4-butanediol diacrylate (BDDA). Nanostructured ionomer films were prepared by casting aqueous coreshell nanoparticle dispersions in which the shell -COOH groups were neutralised with KOH and ZnO. The film mechanical properties were studied using dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile stress-strain measurements. The use of BA-based nanoparticles increased the T g values to close to room temperature which caused a strong dependence of the film mechanical properties on the AN content and extent of neutralisation of the -COOH groups.The Young's modulus values for the films ranged from 1.0 to 86.0 MPa. The latter is the highest modulus reported for cast films of nanostructured ionomer films prepared from coreshell nanoparticles. The films had good ductility with strain-at-break values of at least 200%.The mechanical properties of the films were successfully modelled using the isostrain model.From comparison with an earlier butadiene-based system this study demonstrates that the 2 nature of the primary monomer used to construct the nanoparticles can profoundly change the film mechanical properties. The aqueous nanoparticle dispersion approach used here provides a simple and versatile method to prepare high modulus elastomer films with tuneable mechanical properties.

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Zinc Hydroxide: Solubility Product and Hydroxy-complex Stability Constants from 12.5–75 °C

Cited by 202 publications

References 4 publications

EPD-deposited ZnO thin films: a review

EPD-deposited ZnO thin films: a review

The Influence of Ultraviolet Illumination on the Passive Behavior of Zinc

Tuning the modulus of nanostructured ionomer films of core–shell nanoparticles based on poly(n-butyl acrylate)

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