“…Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used in the world as a new generation of energy storage equipment owing to their high energy density and long operational lifespan. [1][2][3][4][5] Notably, the energy density of LIBs is predominantly determined by cathode materials. The commercialized cathode materials mainly include layered LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 , 6,7 layered LiCoO 2 , 8,9 olivine-type LiFePO 4 , 10,11 and spinel-type LiMn 2 O 4 .…”