Zinc-deficiency-induced retinal dysfunction in Crohn's disease

McClain, Craig J.; Su, Le-Chu; Gilbert, Howard D.; Cameron, Douglas

doi:10.1007/bf01393365

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The concentration of zinc in the retina and other ocular tissues is high in both humans and animals compared with that in other tissues, suggesting that zinc plays an important role in maintaining retinal function. 5 There is considerable evidence that zinc deficiency reduces the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase, the enzyme that converts retinol to retinal, an important substance for normal vision in the retina. 5 Moreover, zinc deficiency may also interfere with vitamin A metabolism by decreasing retinol-binding protein production and/or by decreasing the release of vitamin A from the liver, resulting in reduced visual acuity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Although between a quarter and a half of patients with Crohn's disease have low serum zinc levels, few patients have been reported with the clinical features of zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica 3,4 or retinal dysfunction. 5 Here we report on a patient with Crohn's disease who simultaneously developed acroEditorial on page 924 institution revealed mucosal ulceration, transmural inflammation, and submucosal fibrosis. Under the diagnosis of recurrent Crohn's disease, medical treatment was initiated with total parenteral nutrition, as well as mesalazine (3.0 g/day) and metronidazole (1.0 g/day).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Zinc deficiency manifested by dermatitis and visual dysfunction in a patient with Crohn's disease

Myung

Yang

Jung

et al. 1998

Journal of Gastroenterology

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We report a case of Crohn's disease with low serum zinc concentration in a 26-year-old woman. She demonstrated acrodermatitis enteropathica and decreased visual acuity during total parenteral nutrition. Subsequent intravenous zinc supplementation resulted in alleviation of the skin lesions and improvement of visual acuity. This case supports the notion that depressed serum zinc in Crohn's disease may cause clinical manifestations, such as acrodermatitis enteropathica and retinal dysfunction, which may be correctable with zinc supplementation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Zinc deficiency manifested by dermatitis and visual dysfunction in a patient with Crohn's disease

Myung

Yang

Jung

et al. 1998

Journal of Gastroenterology

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“…However, the peak concentration of zinc recorded is influenced by the oral dose of elemental zinc administered (Oelshlegel and Brewer, 1977) and, in view of the wide variation in body weight in dogs, a fixed-dose oral zinc tolerance test was considered inappropriate for comparative studies in this species. Though the fixed dose used in man ranges from 5 mg (Prohit et aL, 1981) to 50 mg of elemental zinc (Sullivan et aL, 1979;McClain et al, 1980;Capel et al, 1982;Crofton et aL, 1983;Fickel et al, 1986), usually given as zinc sulphate, 50 mg appears to be the dose most frequently employed. This dose is considerably greater than estimates of the daily dietary zinc requirement, 11 mg to 15.3 mg, for maintenance in adults (Hambidge et al, 1986).…”

Section: Resulismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Standardized oral zinc tolerance tests have been developed in man (Oelshlegel and Brewer, 1977;Sullivan et al, 1979;Prohit et al, 1981) and have been used extensively in clinical studies to determine the effect on intestinal zinc absorption of different foods (Schelling et aL, 1973;Pecoud et aL, 1975;Sandstrom et al, 1980), specific dietary constituents (Solomons et al, 1979a;Meadows et al, 1983;Valberg et aL, 1984) and different diseases including intestinal disease (McClain et al, 1980;Crofton et al, 1983), pancreatic disease (Boosalis et al, 1983) and hepatic disease (Sullivan et aL, 1979;Capel et al, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A standardized oral zinc tolerance test for assessment of zinc absorption in dogs

Broek

1993

Vet Res Commun

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Three oral zinc tolerance tests using increasing doses of elemental zinc (0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 mg/kg) given as zinc sulphate (ZnSO4.7H2O) were carried out in eight normal beagles. The zinc tolerance curves obtained were similar to those described in man, with the peak plasma zinc concentration occurring 2 h after dosing. There was a considerable variation between individual animals in the peak plasma zinc concentration achieved with each dose. This would appear to limit the value of a zinc tolerance test in assessing the efficiency of zinc absorption in individuals, although it may be of value in making comparisons between groups of dogs.

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“…Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element in humans and animals and its deficiency is easily induced by diets of meat and vegetables produced from Zn-deficient soil, old age [1], long-term parenteral nutrition [2], Crohn's disease [3,4], and liver cirrhosis [5]. The ocular signs and symptoms of Zn deficiency are tearing, foreign body sensation, conjunctival redness and poor dark adaptation (blind- Gong/Takami/Amemiya/Tozu/Ohashi ness) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Surface in Zn-Deficient Rats

Gong¹,

Takami²,

Amemiya³

et al. 2004

Ophthalmic Res

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Purpose: We studied the cornea and conjunctiva of Zn-deficient rats with an electron microscope and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) to elucidate the role of trace elements in the cornea and conjunctiva. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one-day-old Wistar Kyoto rats were fed a Zn-deficient diet and deionized water for 7 weeks and then killed. The control rats were fed a Zn-deficient diet and deionized water supplemented with 3 mg Zn/100 ml. After 7 weeks on the deficient diet, another group of rats was given drinking water containing 3 mg Zn/100 ml and the usual diet containing 4.7 mg Zn/100 g for 8 weeks for recovery. The cornea and conjunctiva were examined by electron microscopy and TOF-SIMS. Results: Microvilli and microplicae in the most superficial layer of the epithelium of the Zn-deficient rat conjunctiva and cornea were prominently reduced, and dark cells were significantly increased. The numbers of goblet cells were decreased in the conjunctiva of the Zn-deficient group. Zn, Ca and Al ions were significantly fewer, but K, Fe, Cl and S ions were significantly more numerous in the Zn-deficient group than in the control group. In the cornea of the Zn-deficient group, there was significantly more Cl but less Ca and vitamin C than in the controls. Discussion: Zn deficiency may interfere with protein, nucleic acid and collagen synthesis through the reduction of Zn-containing enzymes. Myosin-like substance, actin filaments and tonofibrils are important structural components for microvilli and microplicae in the epithelium. Maldevelopment of these structural components may be related to disturbed activities of Zn-containing enzymes in protein and collagen synthesis because of Zn deficiency. In addition, Zn deficiency caused changes in the levels of Zn and other trace elements such as Ca, Al, S, Fe, and Cl and vitamin C. Conclusion: Zn deficiency resulted in poorly developed microvilli and microplicae on the ocular surface tissues, reduced the number of goblet cells and changed the quantity of trace elements and vitamin C.

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Zinc-deficiency-induced retinal dysfunction in Crohn's disease

Cited by 33 publications

References 18 publications

Zinc deficiency manifested by dermatitis and visual dysfunction in a patient with Crohn's disease

Zinc deficiency manifested by dermatitis and visual dysfunction in a patient with Crohn's disease

A standardized oral zinc tolerance test for assessment of zinc absorption in dogs

Ocular Surface in Zn-Deficient Rats

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