Zinc Deficiency and Cellular Immune Deficiency in Acrodermatitis Enteropathica

Endre, L; Katona, Zsolt Bálint; Gyurkovits, K.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(75)93186-4

Cited by 45 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…These include roles in enzyme function,16 nucleic acid metabolism,17,18 cell signaling19 and apoptosis 20. Zinc is essential for physiological processes including growth and development,21 lipid metabolism,22 brain and immune function 21,23…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Zinc and Increased Copper in Individuals with Anxiety

Russo

2011

Nutr Metab Insights

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Aim:To assess plasma zinc and copper levels in individuals with anxiety and to test the hypothesis that there is a relationship between copper and zinc concentration and improved symptoms.Subjects and methods:Serum from 38 individuals with anxiety and 16 neurotypical age, gender and size similar controls were tested for plasma zinc and copper concentration using inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Zinc and copper levels, pre and post therapy, were compared and assessed for perceived anxiety symptoms.Results:In this preliminary study, individuals with anxiety had significantly higher plasma levels of Cu (P = 0.0348), Cu/Zn (P = 0.0493) and lower Zn (P = 0.0294) compared to controls. Zn levels normalized (increased to the normal range) and Cu/Zn significantly decreased after zinc therapy (P = 0.0004, P = 0.0033, respectively), but Cu did not significantly decrease (0.3577). These same patients improved significantly with respect to perceived overall symptoms after zinc and anti-oxidant therapy (P = 0.013).Discussion:These results suggest an association between Zn plasma levels and individuals with anxiety, demonstrate that zinc therapy is effective in increasing zinc plasma levels, and show that zinc supplementation may play a role in improved symptoms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Zinc and Increased Copper in Individuals with Anxiety

Russo

2011

Nutr Metab Insights

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“…These include roles in enzyme function,19 nucleic acid metabolism,20,21 cell signaling22 and apoptosis 23. Zinc is essential for physiological processes including growth and development,24 lipid metabolism,25 brain and immune function 24,26…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Copper and Zinc Plasma Concentration and the Efficacy of Zinc Therapy in Individuals with Asperger's Syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) and Autism

Russo

DeVito²

2011

Biomark�Insights

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AimTo assess plasma zinc and copper concentration in individuals with Asperger’s Syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) and autistic disorder, and to analyze the efficacy of zinc therapy on the normalization of zinc and copper levels and symptom severity in these disorders.Subjects and methodsPlasma from 79 autistic individuals, 52 individuals with PDD-NOS, 21 individuals with Asperger’s Syndrome (all meeting DSM-IV diagnostic criteria), and 18 age and gender similar neurotypical controls, were tested for plasma zinc and copper using inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.ResultsAutistic and PDD-NOS individuals had significantly elevated plasma levels of copper. None of the groups (autism, Asperger’s or PDD-NOS) had significantly lower plasma zinc concentrations. Post zinc and B-6 therapy, individuals with autism and PDD-NOS had significantly lower levels of copper, but individuals with Asperger’s did not have significantly lower copper. Individuals with autism, PDD-NOS and Asperger’s all had significantly higher zinc levels. Severity of symptoms decreased in autistic individuals following zinc and B-6 therapy with respect to awareness, receptive language, focus and attention, hyperactivity, tip toeing, eye contact, sound sensitivity, tactile sensitivity and seizures. None of the measured symptoms worsened after therapy. None of the symptoms in the Asperger’s patients improved after therapy.DiscussionThese results suggest an association between copper and zinc plasma levels and individuals with autism, PDD-NOS and Asperger’s Syndrome. The data also indicates that copper levels normalize (decrease to levels of controls) in individuals with autism and PDD-NOS, but not in individuals with Asperger’s. These same Asperger’s patients do not improve with respect to symptoms after therapy, whereas many symptoms improved in the autism group. This may indicate an association between copper levels and symptom severity.

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“…The improvement of stool frequency after zinc indicates the secondary contribution of zinc deficiency to the protracted diarrhoea. Immunologic abnormalities (Thymic atrophy, B-cell hypoplasia) were too equivocal to be related directly to zinc deficiency, as has been discussed in the literature [7,8,9]. The importance of adding zinc supplements to total parenteral nutrition is clearly underlined by this report.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Protracted diarrhoea: Secondary monosaccharide malabsorption and zinc deficiency with cutaneous manifestations during total parenteral nutrition

Stern¹,

Grüttner²,

Krumbach³

1980

Eur J Pediatr

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Protracted diarrhoea in early infancy gives rise to many diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Jejunal biopsy often reveals villous atrophy of varying degrees. Severe reduction of small intestinal absorptive area causes secondary monosaccharide malabsorption, as well as secondary disaccharide deficiency, consequences which are relevant in any attempts at oral feeding. Morphologic, metabolic, endocrinological and microbiological studies have to be undertaken in order to establish a definitive diagnosis in protracted diarrhoea, but these studies often fail to reveal the aetiology of the disease. Immunologic abnormalities like phagocyte dysfunction, thymic atrophy and hypoplasia of B-cell regions in lymph nodes might be secondary events, but some types of immunodeficiency are of primary importance in the development of protracted diarrhoea. Total parenteral nutrition in many cases has to be instituted, with all its implications and hazards: septicaemia is the most dangerous of these. Zinc deficiency and acrodermatitis enteropathica may occur during total parenteral nutrition, and zinc deficiency secondarily contributes to the symptoms of diarrhoea. Parenteral administration of zinc is able to overcome these effects.

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Zinc Deficiency and Cellular Immune Deficiency in Acrodermatitis Enteropathica

Cited by 45 publications

References 13 publications

Decreased Zinc and Increased Copper in Individuals with Anxiety

Decreased Zinc and Increased Copper in Individuals with Anxiety

Analysis of Copper and Zinc Plasma Concentration and the Efficacy of Zinc Therapy in Individuals with Asperger's Syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) and Autism

Protracted diarrhoea: Secondary monosaccharide malabsorption and zinc deficiency with cutaneous manifestations during total parenteral nutrition

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