Zinc complexes of 3-(ethylthio)phenyl-substituted phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanine: Synthesis and investigation of physicochemical properties

Phthalocyanines and Naphthalocyanines with Sulfur-Containing Functional Groups: Synthesis, Preparation of Hybrid Gold Nanoparticles and Some Application Areas

“…Using isoamyl alcohol as a solvent and lithium methoxide as a base, we managed to obtain 3-(ethylthio)phenylsubstituted zinc naphthalocyaninate 48е [49] with a yield of 90%, which is significantly higher than those presented earlier for 2,3-naphthalocyanines substituted by functional groups containing sulfur.…”

“…Starting from 4,5-dichlorophthalonitrile and 3-(ethylthio)phenylboronic acid under the conditions of the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, we obtained substituted phthalonitrile 5 (Scheme 6). [49] It is well known that cross-coupling reactions for aryl chlorides are ineffective and require the addition of special ligands (P(Bu t ) 3 ; tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy 3 )). [50][51][52] Due to steric hindrance, such ligands promote the dissociation of the complex of zero-valent palladium entering the catalytic cycle to a coordinatively unsaturated state, for example: Pd(PBu t 3 ).…”

“…Reaction conditions and the yields for Scheme 6. [49] Molar ratio of 4,5-dichlorophthalonitrile : 3-(ethylthio)phenylboronic acid Yield, % It was found that when a 2.5 fold molar excess of arylboronic acid was used, compound 6 was formed.…”

“…[55] Based on 2,3-dicyanonaphthalene 8b by the Suzuki reaction, we selectively obtained 3-(ethylthio)phenylsubstituted nitrile 10 (Scheme 9). [49] Scheme 7.…”

Multicomponent reactions mediated by NbCl 5 for the synthesis of phthalonitrile-quinoline dyads: Methodology, scope, mechanistic insights and applications in phthalocyanine synthesis

“…However, limitations on structural diversity are found, mainly for the synthesis of polyfunctionalized phthalonitriles and more sophisticated dyads. Another approach that has been used to functionalize phthalonitriles involves the Stille [32], Heck-Mizoroki [33,34], Suzuki-Miyaura [33,[35][36][37], and Sonogashira reactions [33,38,39]. Many advantages are found in these last approaches such as high yields, wide substrate scope, and mild reaction conditions.…”