“…Several strategies have been adopted to improve the thermal stability and safety of separators, − including utilizing intrinsic thermal-safety materials to prepare separators (e.g., Al 2 O 3 /polyvinylidene fluoride separators and nanoporous polyimide membranes), ,− preparing nonflammable gel/solid electrolytes, , and surface modification by adding thermal-resistance inorganic ceramic coating on commercial separators (e.g., SiO 2 and halloysite). ,, Among them, ceramic nanofiber separators are one of the effective and workable ways to improve the safety and satisfactory electrochemical performances of LIBs. Compared to traditional nanoparticles or nanorods of inorganic materials that often have no satisfactory film-forming ability and can only be used as fillers, inorganic ceramic fibers have extremely high thermal stability, flexibility, and processability. ,− For instance, Jing et al prepared pure ZrO 2 nanowire separators through sol-assisted electrospinning. The separators exhibited good flexibility and electrochemical properties, but the tensile strength was only about 3.72 MPa, which could not meet the requirements of commercial manufacture (∼10 MPa) .…”