Zinc Biofortified Rice Varieties: Challenges, Possibilities, and Progress in India

Rao, D. N.; Neeraja, C. N.; Babu, P. Madhu; Nirmala, B.; Suman, K.; Rao, L. V. Subba; Surekha, K.; Raghu, Prabhakaran T.; Thingnganing, Longvah; Surendra, Prasad Babu Maddali; Kumar, Rajesh; Babu, V. Ravindra; Voleti, S. R.

doi:10.3389/fnut.2020.00026

Cited by 73 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…The loss of grain Zn during polishing is due to the loss of aleurone layer, which was reported to be significant for mineral content in rice (Sellappan et al, 2009). Previous studies reported a loss to the tune of 5 to 30% of grain Zn during the polishing in germplasm and mapping populations (Lee et al, 2008;Rao et al, 2020). Two significant conclusions from stepwise regression analysis in the present study were the determination of threshold of grain Zn in brown rice viz., for fulfilling international threshold value of rice grain Zn content (28 ppm), the developers may need to target ≥ 38.5 ppm increase in ZBR.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…Identification of environmentally stable donor lines for high grain Zn would contribute and accelerate the development of biofortified Zn rice varieties. Several landraces have been identified with grain Zn up to 58.4 ppm in brown rice (Gregorio et al, 2000;Norton et al, 2014;Tan et al, 2020) and up to 40.9 ppm in polished rice across world since 2000 (Lee et al, 2008;Bollinedi et al, 2020;Rao et al, 2020). But reports on validation of the identified landraces with high grain Zn for their stability across environments and systematic deployment of identified landraces as donors in breeding of Zn biofortified rice varieties are limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aromatic genotypes like Basmati were reported to be high in grain Zn in earlier studies of International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) (Gregorio et al, 2000). G27 Chittimuthyalu and G26 Kalanamak are included as check genotypes for high grain Zn in the Biofortification trials of rice varietal release program in India through All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project (AICRIP) 6 (Rao et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polished rice, the most preferred form for consumption is poor source of Zn with a range of 8 to 12 ppm. Popular rice varieties usually contain lesser micronutrients in grains compared to the traditional cultivars and landraces (Nachimuthu et al, 2015;Pradhan et al, 2020;Rao et al, 2020). Through conventional breeding, enhancement of grain Zn without yield compromise in polished rice has been demonstrated and many rice varieties with increased Zn content have been released in a few Asian countries viz., 10 in India, three in Bangladesh, one each in Indonesia and Philippines 1,2 (Palanog et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For developing such varieties, availability of suitable germplasm is the foremost requirement. Wide genetic variability was reported for grain Zn ranging from in brown (7.3 to 52.7 ppm) and polished (8 to 38 ppm) rice and several donors have been identified (Swamy et al, 2016;Rao et al, 2020). Traditional varieties or landraces are known to be the source of novel genes/alleles for the agronomically important traits including grain Zn content (Neeraja et al, 2018;Bollinedi et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stable SNP Allele Associations With High Grain Zinc Content in Polished Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Identified Based on ddRAD Sequencing

et al. 2020

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Polished rice is widely consumed staple food across the globe, however, it contains limited nutrients especially iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). To identify promising genotypes for grain Zn, a total of 40 genotypes consisting 20 rice landraces, and 20 released high yielding rice varieties were evaluated in three environments (wet seasons 2014, 2015 and 2016) for nine traits including days to 50% flowering (DFF), plant height (PH), panicle length (PL), total number of tillers (TNT), single plant yield (SPY), Fe and Zn in brown (IBR, ZBR) and polished rice (IPR, ZPR). Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI), Genotype and Genotype × Environment Interaction (GGE) analyses identified genotypes G22 (Edavankudi Pokkali), G17 (Taraori Basmati), G27 (Chittimuthyalu) and G26 (Kalanamak) stable for ZPR and G8 (Savitri) stable for SPY across three environments. Significant negative correlation between yield and grain Zn was reaffirmed. Regression analysis indicated the contribution of traits toward ZPR and SPY and also desirable level of grain Zn in brown rice. A total of 39,137 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained through double digest restriction site associated DNA (dd-RAD) sequencing of 40 genotypes. Association analyses with nine phenotypic traits revealed 188 stable SNPs with six traits across three environments. ZPR was associated with SNPs located in three putative candidate genes (LOC_Os03g47980, LOC_Os07g47950 and LOC_Os07g48050) on chromosomes 3 and 7. The genomic region of chromosome 7 co localized with reported genomic regions (rMQTL 7. 1) and OsNAS3 candidate gene. SPY was found to be associated with 12 stable SNPs located in 11 putative candidate genes on chromosome 1, 6, and 12. Characterization of rice landraces and varieties in terms of stability for their grain Zn and yield identified promising donors and recipients along with genomic regions in the present study to be deployed rice Zn biofortification breeding program.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stable SNP Allele Associations With High Grain Zinc Content in Polished Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Identified Based on ddRAD Sequencing

et al. 2020

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Effect of parboiling conditions on zinc and iron retention in biofortified and non‐biofortified milled rice

Taleon

Hasan²,

Jongstra

et al. 2021

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND Zinc‐biofortified rice could contribute to zinc intake in deficient populations, but processing it into parboiled rice could affect this potential benefit. Zinc and iron true retention (TR) in milled rice produced under conditions resembling household and commercial parboiled methods was evaluated. Zinc and iron TR in milled rice obtained from biofortified and non‐biofortified rice subjected to different soaking temperatures during parboiling was also evaluated. RESULTS Conditions resembling commercial parboiling methods resulted in 52.2–59.7% zinc TR and 55.4–79.1% iron TR, whereas those used for household parboiling resulted in 70.7–79.6% zinc TR and 78.2–119.8% iron TR. Zinc TR in milled (8–16% bran removal) biofortified and non‐biofortified parboiled rice was 50.6–66.8% when soaking rough rice at 20 °C and 29.9–56.0% when soaking rough rice at 65 °C; both had lower zinc TR than non‐parboiled rice (58.0–80.6%). Iron TR was generally similar between milled non‐parboiled and parboiled rice (26.2–67.6%) and between parboiled biofortified and non‐biofortified milled rice. CONCLUSION Parboiling conditions used to obtain milled rice targeted for own household consumption resulted in higher zinc and iron TR compared to parboiling conditions used for milled rice targeted for markets. More zinc from the inner endosperm moved towards the outer layers at high soaking temperature, resulting in lower zinc TR for milled parboiled rice soaked in hotter water. Parboiled rice soaked at temperatures used in households could provide more zinc to diets compared to rice soaked in hotter water commonly used in large rice mills, especially when rice is extensively milled. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Advances in Genetics and Breeding of Rice: An Overview

Siddiq

Vemireddy

2021

Rice Improvement

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is life for more than half of the human population on Earth. In the history of rice breeding, two major yield breakthroughs or leaps occurred, which phenomenally revolutionized rice breeding: the Green Revolution in the 1960s and hybrid technology in the 1970s. However, the fruits of these technologies have not spread globally to all rice-growing areas, especially African countries, for diverse reasons. It is estimated that at least 50% more rice yield is needed to feed the anticipated nine billion people by 2050. This clearly warrants another breakthrough in rice. It is apparent that the currently used conventional and molecular marker-assisted methods need to be updated with multi-pronged approaches involving innovative cutting-edge technologies for achieving the next breakthrough in rice. Here, we attempt to discuss the exciting avenues for the next advances in rice breeding by exploiting cutting-edge technologies.

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Zinc Biofortified Rice Varieties: Challenges, Possibilities, and Progress in India

Abstract: Zinc malnutrition is a major issue in developing countries where polished rice is a staple food. With the existing significant genetic variability for high zinc in polished rice, the development of biofortified rice varieties was targeted in India with support from HarvestPlus,

Cited by 73 publications

References 28 publications

Stable SNP Allele Associations With High Grain Zinc Content in Polished Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Identified Based on ddRAD Sequencing

Stable SNP Allele Associations With High Grain Zinc Content in Polished Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Identified Based on ddRAD Sequencing

Effect of parboiling conditions on zinc and iron retention in biofortified and non‐biofortified milled rice

Advances in Genetics and Breeding of Rice: An Overview

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