Zinc and Small Babies

Meadows, Nigel; Smith, M.; Keeling, P. W. N.; Ruse, W.; Day, J.; Scopes, J W; Thompson, R. P. H.; Bloxam, David L.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(81)90587-0

Cited by 173 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In humans, intra-uterine growth retardation linked to maternal zinc deficiency, induces persistent cellular immune deficiency (Meadows et al, 1981). Altogether, these observations suggest that a moderate zinc deficiency occurring during gestation may induce long-term deleterious consequences for the immune system, which is an important public health issue.…”

Section: Effect Of Foetal Zinc Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc and immune function

2002

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It is well recognized that zinc is an essential trace element, influencing growth and affecting the development and integrity of the immune system. Research has begun to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of zinc on the immune function. It is clear that this trace element has a broad impact on key immunity mediators, such as enzymes, thymic peptides and cytokines, explaining the paramount importance of zinc's status on the regulation of lymphoid cell activation, proliferation and apoptosis. Ongoing and future studies regarding the immunological status of zinc deficiency 'at risk' groups could lead to public health interventions with nutritional doses of zinc supplements to prevent alteration of the immune system and improve resistance to infections.

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Section: Effect Of Foetal Zinc Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc and immune function

2002

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“…It is required for DNA and RNA synthesis and, therefore, for protein accumu lation and growth [1,2]. There is also evi dence that zinc plays a role in the structure and function of biomembranes [3], In both pregnant animals [4] and women [5], zinc depletion is associated with intrauterine growth retardation. Nearly all the plasma zinc is bound to protein in the maternal plasma and only a small amount is ultrafiltratable [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental Handling of Zinc in the Guinea Pig

et al. 1985

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The distribution of zinc between the mother and the fetoplacental unit, and its placental transfer, were studied using stable and isotopic zinc in unanaesthetized pregnant guinea pigs and an in situ perfusion preparation. The concentration of stable zinc in fetal plasma and skeletal muscle was higher than that in the maternal tissues: 2.0 compared with 1.4 μg/ml and 84 with 49 ng/mg dry weight, respectively. The placenta and maternal and fetal liver had similar zinc concentrations: 90, 75 and 88 ng/mg dry weight, respectively. The ability of the placenta to concentrate ⁶⁵Zn, measured 1 h after a single intravenous injection into the unanaesthetized mother, was comparable with that of the maternal liver. Maternal-fetal mass transfer of zinc was directly related to maternal plasma zinc concentrations from 0.7 to 24.1 μg/ml (b = 2 ng·min^––¹·g^––1·μg^––1, r = 0.92). At physiological plasma levels, the calculated transfer would supply the fetus with 0.12 mg zinc/day, similar to the accretion rate over the last trimester. Placental transfer of zinc was not influenced by the concentration of zinc in the placental perfusate. Extraction of zinc from the perfusate was also slow, and partly by absorption. Matemofetal transfer of zinc was directly related to both uterine and umbilical blood flows. The high concentration of zinc in the syncytium, relative to both maternal and fetal plasma levels, suggests active uptake at the maternal surface, combined with a slow release into the fetus, down a concentration gradient.

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“…The vast majority of zinc is intracellular. Measurement of intracellular zinc utilizing leukocytes [10] offers hope for the future. In supplement to the actual blood status, hair analysis [11] offers information about long-term zinc supply.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Oral Zinc Application during Pregnancy

Kynast

Saling²

1986

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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The beneficial effects of the oral application of zinc aspartate in pregnancy is investigated in a randomly selected study group of 179 patients and a control group of 345 patients. This study confirms the prophylactic effectiveness of zinc replacement in reducing the overall complication rate for both mother and fetus and in particular for large-for-date and small-for-date infants. The therapy is well tolerated and accepted by the patients and causes no side effects. The results are in line with those of other working groups reporting on zinc as an important element with protective effects on fetal growth and development in pregnancy.

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Zinc and Small Babies

Cited by 173 publications

References 6 publications

Zinc and immune function

Zinc and immune function

Placental Handling of Zinc in the Guinea Pig

Effect of Oral Zinc Application during Pregnancy

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