Zika Virus Outbreak on Yap Island, Federated States of Micronesia

Duffy, Mark R.; Chen, Tai-Ho; Hancock, W. Thane; Powers, Ann M.; Kool, J. L.; Lanciotti, Robert S.; Pretrick, Moses; Marfel, Maria; Holzbauer, Stacey; Dubray, Christine; Guillaumot, Laurent; Griggs, Anne; Bel, Martin; Lambert, Amy J.; Laven, Janeen; Kosoy, Olga; Panella, Amanda J.; Biggerstaff, Brad J.; Fischer, Marc; Hayes, Edward B.

doi:10.1056/nejmoa0805715

Cited by 2,753 publications

(2,942 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Major outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito‐borne neurotropic flavivirus, have been reported in the island of Yap (2007), French Polynesia (2013–2014), and several Latin‐American countries (2014) 1, 2, 3, 4. During the ZIKV outbreak in French Polynesia, a profound 20‐fold increase in the number of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) was reported 5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus and Guillain–Barré syndrome in Bangladesh

GeurtsvanKessel

Islam

et al. 2018

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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ObjectivePrevious studies have associated Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) with Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks in South America and Oceania. In Asia, ZIKV is known to circulate widely, but the association with Guillain–Barré syndrome is unclear. We investigated whether endemic ZIKV infection is associated with the development of GBS.MethodsA prospective study was conducted from 2011 to 2015 in Bangladesh. A total of 418 patients and 418 healthy family controls were included in the study. Patients were diagnosed with GBS prior to inclusion according to established criteria. Detailed information on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, electrophysiology, diagnosis, disease severity, and clinical course were obtained during a follow‐up of 1 year using a predefined protocol.Results ZIKV‐neutralizing antibodies were detected in our study from 2013 onwards. The prevalence of ZIKV‐neutralizing antibodies was not significantly higher in patients with GBS compared to healthy controls (OR 2.23, P = 0.14, 95% CI 0.77–6.53). Serological evidence for prior ZIKV infection in patients with GBS was associated with more frequent cranial, sensory, and autonomic nerve involvement compared to GBS patients with Campylobacter jejuni, the predominant preceding infection in GBS worldwide. Nerve‐conduction studies revealed that ZIKV antibodies were associated with a demyelinating subtype of GBS, while C. jejuni infections were related to an axonal subtype.InterpretationNo significant association was found between ZIKV infection and GBS in Bangladesh, but GBS following ZIKV infection was characterized by a distinct clinical and electrophysiological subtype compared to C. jejuni infection. These findings indicate that ZIKV may precede a specific GBS subtype but the risk is low.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus and Guillain–Barré syndrome in Bangladesh

GeurtsvanKessel

Islam

et al. 2018

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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“…Subsequently, ZIKV spread to countries in Oceania and the Americas. The first large outbreak of Zika disease in humans occurred on the Pacific island of Yap in the Federated States of Micronesia in 2007 (Lanciotti et al, 2008;Duffy et al, 2009). ZIKV was then identified from Suriname (Enfissi et al, 2016b) in South America, and on other Pacific Islands including French Polynesia (Berthet et al, 2014;Cao-Lormeau et al, 2014;Hancock et al, 2014), Easter Island of Chile (Tognarelli et al, 2015), the Cook Islands (Roth et al, 2014), and New Caledonia (Roth et al, 2014;Dupont-Rouzeyrol et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis revealed the central roles of two African countries in the evolution and worldwide spread of Zika virus

et al. 2016

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Recent outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections inOceania's islands and the Americas were characterized by high numbers of cases and the spread of the virus to new areas. To better understand the origin of ZIKV, its epidemic history was reviewed. Although the available records and information are limited, two major genetic lineages of ZIKV were identified in previous studies. However, in this study, three lineages were identified based on a phylogenetic analysis of all virus sequences from GenBank, including those of the envelope protein (E) and non-structural protein 5 (NS5) coding regions. The spatial and temporal distributions of the three identified ZIKV lineages and the recombination events and mechanisms underlying their divergence and evolution were further elaborated. The potential migration pathway of ZIKV was also characterized. Our findings revealed the central roles of two African countries, Senegal and Cote d'Ivoire, in ZIKV evolution and genotypic divergence. Furthermore, our results suggested that the outbreaks in Asia and the Pacific islands originated from Africa. The results provide insights into the geographic origins of ZIKV outbreaks and the spread of the virus, and also contribute to a better understanding of ZIKV evolution, which is important for the prevention and control of ZIKV infections.

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“…Recently, the quick spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) through the Americas [2,21], including the association of infection with microcephaly [4,23,27] and Guillain-Barré syndrome, has fetched this previously overlooked virus into the global consideration by World Health Organization (WHO). It has recently come to worldwide concern owing to severity and recent spread to Western countries including pacific oceanic region and Brazil [9,28,30]. Expected number of ZIKV infection cases may be around three to four million.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Zika virus disease: a public health emergency of global concern

2016

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Infectious diseases remain a leading source of human morbidity and mortality. Recently, emerging infectious diseases are dominated by zoonoses, and eventually rising considerably. Their emergence is dependent on various factors especially, socioeconomic, environmental and ecological factors etc. Recently, the swift spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) through the Americas, simultaneously with the association of infection with microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome, has strained this previously overlooked virus into the global attention. ZIKV is an emerging mosquito-borne Flavivirus, identified in rhesus monkey in 1947 in Uganda, and eventually in human in 1952. Considering the severity and recent spread over Americas, it has been declared as a public health emergency of international concern, and expected number of cases may be around three to four million. Therefore, it's important for all to assess the risk and be prepared in all possible ways before it makes a huge loss and spread globally. This news tries to discuss the possible reasons for its spread, risk assessment, and options to obliterate ZIKV.

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Zika Virus Outbreak on Yap Island, Federated States of Micronesia

Cited by 2,753 publications

References 27 publications

Zika virus and Guillain–Barré syndrome in Bangladesh

Zika virus and Guillain–Barré syndrome in Bangladesh

Phylogenetic analysis revealed the central roles of two African countries in the evolution and worldwide spread of Zika virus

Emerging Zika virus disease: a public health emergency of global concern

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