Zika virus infection and pregnancy: what we do and do not know

Ticconi, Carlo; Pietropolli, Adalgisa; Rezza, Giovanni

doi:10.1080/20477724.2016.1234804

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The risk of microcephaly is highest if mothers are infected during the first trimester of pregnancy ([86] and references within) but it is likely other neurological phenotypes arise following infection at later developmental stages. How ZIKV causes GBS, classically triggered through autoimmune responses against bacterial and viral infections [22, 31], remains to be explored and the interplay between direct infection and para- or post-infectious autoimmunity needs clarification [90].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus tropism and interactions in myelinating neural cell cultures: CNS cells and myelin are preferentially affected

Cumberworth¹,

Barrie²,

Cunningham³

et al. 2017

acta neuropathol commun

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The recent global outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been linked to severe neurological disorders affecting the peripheral and central nervous systems (PNS and CNS, respectively). The pathobiology underlying these diverse clinical phenotypes are the subject of intense research; however, even the principal neural cell types vulnerable to productive Zika infection remain poorly characterised. Here we used CNS and PNS myelinating cultures from wild type and Ifnar1 knockout mice to examine neuronal and glial tropism and short-term consequences of direct infection with a Brazilian variant of ZIKV. Cell cultures were infected pre- or post-myelination for various intervals, then stained with cell-type and ZIKV-specific antibodies. In bypassing systemic immunity using ex vivo culture, and the type I interferon response in Ifnar1 deficient cells, we were able to evaluate the intrinsic infectivity of neural cells. Through systematic quantification of ZIKV infected cells in myelinating cultures, we found that ZIKV infection is enhanced in the absence of the type I interferon responses and that CNS cells are considerably more susceptible to infection than PNS cells. In particular, we demonstrate that CNS axons and myelinating oligodendrocytes are especially vulnerable to injury. These results have implications for understanding the pathobiology of neurological symptoms associated with ZIKV infection. Furthermore, we provide a quantifiable ex vivo infection model that can be used for fundamental and therapeutic studies on viral neuroinvasion and its consequences.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40478-017-0450-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus tropism and interactions in myelinating neural cell cultures: CNS cells and myelin are preferentially affected

Cumberworth¹,

Barrie²,

Cunningham³

et al. 2017

acta neuropathol commun

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“…In addition, ZIKV RNA has been detected in asymptomatic blood donors during outbreaks in French Polynesian (2013-14) [105,163], Puerto Rico (April 3-June 11, 2016) [164], Martinique (January to June 2016) [165] and the continental US (May to October, 2016) [166]. Thirdly, there is a general consensus that ZIKV is the causative agent of severe neurological disorders [43,[167][168][169][170][171] including microcephaly in newborns [95,96,[172][173][174][175] and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in the wider population [109,[176][177][178][179]. Fourthly, there is evidence that ZIKV is transfusion-transmissible as at least four probable TT cases have now been reported, all from Brazil during the current outbreak.…”

Section: Why Zikv Represents a Potential Threat To Blood Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Infectious Diseases and Blood Safety: Modeling the Transfusion-Transmission Risk

Kiely

Gambhir

Cheng

et al. 2017

Transfusion Medicine Reviews

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While the transfusion-transmission (TT) risk associated with the major transfusion-relevant viruses such as HIV is now very low, during the last 20 years there has been a growing awareness of the threat to blood safety from emerging infectious diseases, a number of which are known to be, or are potentially, transfusion transmissible. Two published models for estimating the transfusion-transmission risk from EIDs, referred to as the Biggerstaff-Petersen model and the European Upfront Risk Assessment Tool (EUFRAT), respectively, have been applied to several EIDs in outbreak situations. We describe and compare the methodological principles of both models, highlighting their similarities and differences. We also discuss the appropriateness of comparing results from the two models. Quantitating the TT risk of EIDs can inform decisions about risk mitigation strategies and their cost-effectiveness. Finally, we present a qualitative risk assessment for Zika virus (ZIKV), an EID agent that has caused several outbreaks since 2007. In the latest and largest ever outbreak, several probable cases of transfusion-transmission ZIKV have been reported, indicating that it is transfusion-transmissible and therefore a risk to blood safety. We discuss why quantitative modeling the TT risk of ZIKV is currently problematic.

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“…Glavni razlog za to jest dvadeseterostruko povećanje broja prijavljenih slučajeva kongenitalnih anomalija (prvenstveno mikrocefalije) u Brazilu, koje se dogodilo istovremeno s pojavom epidemije ZIKV-om. Od studenog 2015. do lipnja 2016. godine prijavljeno je 8.301 slučaj mikrocefalije 23 . Ipak, valja uzeti u obzir da je zasad potvrđeno samo 1.656 slučajeva, od čega je 255 dokazano povezano sa ZIKV infekcijom 24 .…”

Section: Guillain-barréov Sindromunclassified

What do we know about Zika virus?

Pilaš

Pavić

2017

Med. flum.

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Sažetak. Zika virus (ZIKV) pripadnik je porodice Flaviviridae. Širi se ubodom inficiranog komarca roda Aedes, spolnim putem, s majke na fetus, te iznimno direktnim krvnim prijenosom. ZIKV uzrokuje blagu kliničku sliku, popraćenu nespecifičnim simptomima, a liječenje je simptomatsko. ZIKV se dijagnosticira pomoću molekularnih i seroloških metoda. Infekcija se povezuje s pojavom mikrocefalije u novorođenčadi inficiranih majki te s povećanim rizikom od pojave Guillain-Barréova sindroma. Mjere prevencije infekcije uključuju minimiziranje kontakta s komarcima, prakticiranje sigurnih spolnih odnosa i kontrolu darovane krvi prije transfuzije. Ne postoji djelotvorno cjepivo protiv ZIKV-a, ali nekoliko cjepiva u fazi je ispitivanja.Ključne riječi: Guillain-Barréov sindrom; mikrocefalija; zika virus Abstract. Zika virus is a member of the Flaviviridaefamily. It is primarily spread via infectedAedesmosquitoes, sexual contact, and from the mother to the foetus, while direct transmission by blood is exceptional. ZIKV causes a mild illness characterized by non-specific symptoms. Treatment is limited to symptomatic therapy. ZIKV is diagnosedusingmolecular or serologic methods. ZIKV infection is associated with microcephaly of infants borntoinfected mothers and an increased risk of Guillain-Barrésyndrome. Prevention measures include minimizing contact with mosquitoes, practising safe sex and control of donated blood. There are no ZIKV vaccines, but several are undergoing trials.

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Zika virus infection and pregnancy: what we do and do not know

Cited by 23 publications

References 64 publications

Zika virus tropism and interactions in myelinating neural cell cultures: CNS cells and myelin are preferentially affected

Zika virus tropism and interactions in myelinating neural cell cultures: CNS cells and myelin are preferentially affected

Emerging Infectious Diseases and Blood Safety: Modeling the Transfusion-Transmission Risk

What do we know about Zika virus?

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